SDAC indicates 100 mg/m² cytarabine by ci every day × 5 days; IDAC, 400 mg/m² cytarabine by ci every day × 5 days; HDAC, 3 g/m² cytarabine by intravenous bolus (ivb) over 3 hours every 12 hours on days 1, 3 and 5; HDAC + E, 2 mg/m² cytarabine by ivb over 2 hours every 12 hours on days 1-4 and 40 mg/kg etoposide by ci every day for 4 days; M + IDAC, 5 mg/m² mitoxantrone every 12 hours and 500 mg/m² cytarabine every 12 hours for 6 doses each; E + C, 1800 mg/m² etoposide by ci day 1 plus 50 mg/kg cyclophosphamide ivb on days 2 and 3; M + D, 12 mg/m² mitoxantrone ivb plus 24 mg/m² diaziquone by ci days 1, 2, and 3 plus 5 μg/kg filgrastim subcutaneously days 4 through 28; 5 + 2 + 2, 100 mg/m² cytarabine by continuous infusion every day × 5 days plus 2 days of daunorubicin and etoposide at doses equivalent to those received in induction 1, ± PSC 833. Maintenance therapy for study 8525 consisted of 45 mg/m² daunorubicin ivb on day 1 plus 100 mg/m² cytarabine subcutaneously every 12 hours on days 1 through 5 repeated monthly × 4; for studies 9420, 9621, and 9720, maintenance therapy consisted of interleukin-2 as specified by Farag et al³⁰  and Baer et al.³¹  ivp indicates intravenous push; SCT, stem cell transplantation; and -, not applicable.

Mayer et al.²⁴ 

Stone et al.^25,36 

Moore et al.²⁶ 

Moore et al.²⁷ 

Lee et al.²⁸ 

Kolitz et al.²⁹ 

Baer et al.³¹ 

Patient population data are as follows: total, N = 2570; white, n = 2300 (89.5% of total); African American, n = 270 (10.5% of total); and cytogenetics available, n = 1580 (61% of total)

50% of enrolled patients received granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) during induction

Patients in 9420 received daunorubicin at doses ranging from 30 to 60 mg/m²/d × 3 days and also received the multidrug resistance modulator PSC 833 at a loading dose of 1.5 mg/kg and a continuous infusion of 10 mg/kg/d for 3 days; patients in 9621 received daunorubicin at doses ranging from 40 to 90 mg/m²/d × 3 days depending on their randomization to PSC 833 at a loading dose of 2.8 mg/kg and a continuous infusion of 10 mg/kg/d for 3 days; patients in 9720 received daunorubicin at doses of 40 or 60 mg/m²/d × 3 days depending on their randomization to PSC 833 at a loading dose of 2.8 mg/kg and a continuous infusion of 10 mg/kg/d for 3 days

Doses were equivalent to those received in induction 1. Patients receiving PSC 833 for induction 1 received it for induction 2 over 2 days

Induction 1 consisted of daunorubicin 45 mg/m² ivp × 3 days and cytarabine 100 or 200 mg/m² by continuous infusion (ci) × 7 days. Induction 2, which was administered if needed, consisted of daunorubicin 45 mg/m² ivp × 2 days and cytarabine 100 or 200 mg/m² by ci × 5 days