Antibodies and fluorochromes currently used to study MRD in children with ALL
| Antibodies and fluorochromes* . | Frequency (%)† . |
|---|---|
| T-lineage | |
| Anti-TdT-F/CD5-P/CD3-C‡ | 90-95 |
| CD34-F/CD5-P/CD3-C‡ | 30-50 |
| B-lineage | |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/CD10-P/CD58-F | 40-60 |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/CD10-P/anti-TdT-F | 30-50 |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/CD10-P/CD38-F | 30-50 |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/CD10-P/CD45-F | 30-50 |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/CD10-P/CD22-F | 20-30 |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/CD10-P/CD13-F | 10-20 |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/CD10-P/CD66c-F | 10-20 |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/anti-TdT-F/anti-IgM-P | 10-20 |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/CD10-P/CD15-F | 5-10 |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/CD10-P/CD33-F | 5-10 |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/CD10-P/CD65-F | 5-10 |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/CD10-P/CD21-F | 5-10 |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/CD10-F/7.1-P | 3-5 |
| Antibodies and fluorochromes* . | Frequency (%)† . |
|---|---|
| T-lineage | |
| Anti-TdT-F/CD5-P/CD3-C‡ | 90-95 |
| CD34-F/CD5-P/CD3-C‡ | 30-50 |
| B-lineage | |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/CD10-P/CD58-F | 40-60 |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/CD10-P/anti-TdT-F | 30-50 |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/CD10-P/CD38-F | 30-50 |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/CD10-P/CD45-F | 30-50 |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/CD10-P/CD22-F | 20-30 |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/CD10-P/CD13-F | 10-20 |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/CD10-P/CD66c-F | 10-20 |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/anti-TdT-F/anti-IgM-P | 10-20 |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/CD10-P/CD15-F | 5-10 |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/CD10-P/CD33-F | 5-10 |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/CD10-P/CD65-F | 5-10 |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/CD10-P/CD21-F | 5-10 |
| CD19-A/CD34-C/CD10-F/7.1-P | 3-5 |
MRD indicates minimal residual disease; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; A, allophycocyanin; C, peridinin chlorophyll protein; F, fluorescein isothiocyanate; and P, phycoerythrin.
All antibodies were against cell-surface markers, except anti-TdT, CD3, and anti-IgM, which require cell-membrane permeabilization.
Proportion of childhood ALL cases of each lineage in which the listed immunophenotype can be used to monitor MRD. In most patients, leukemic cells express more than one abnormal phenotype.
In T-lineage ALL cases, a mixture of CD19, CD33, and anti-HLA-DR antibodies conjugated to allophycocyanin is added to identify B cells and myeloid cells and exclude them from the analysis.