Presenting features of children with intermediate-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia
| Variable and category . | DI (N = 405) . | DIVPI (N = 397) . | DDI (N = 402) . | P* . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N . | (%) . | N . | (%) . | N . | (%) . | ||
| Age, y | |||||||
| 1-1.99 | 52 | (13) | 62 | (16) | 73 | (18) | .22 |
| 2-4.99 | 231 | (57) | 220 | (55) | 228 | (57) | |
| 5 or older | 122 | (30) | 115 | (29) | 101 | (25) | |
| WBC count, × 109/L | |||||||
| Less than 20 | 286 | (71) | 276 | (70) | 277 | (69) | .87 |
| 20-49 | 119 | (29) | 121 | (30) | 125 | (31) | |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 279 | (69) | 275 | (69) | 264 | (66) | .49 |
| Female | 126 | (31) | 122 | (31) | 138 | (34) | |
| Race | |||||||
| White | 310 | (77) | 300 | (76) | 304 | (76) | .96 |
| Black | 13 | (3) | 15 | (4) | 19 | (5) | |
| Hispanic | 56 | (14) | 57 | (14) | 53 | (13) | |
| Other | 26 | (6) | 25 | (6) | 26 | (6) | |
| Down syndrome | |||||||
| Yes | 11 | (3) | 12 | (3) | 10 | (2) | .90 |
| No | 394 | (97) | 385 | (97) | 391 | (98) | |
| Liver† | |||||||
| Normal | 158 | (39) | 162 | (41) | 188 | (47) | .03 |
| Moderately enlarged | 231 | (57) | 217 | (55) | 207 | (52) | |
| Markedly enlarged | 16 | (4) | 18 | (5) | 6 | (2) | |
| Spleen† | |||||||
| Normal | 169 | (42) | 156 | (39) | 199 | (50) | .03 |
| Moderately enlarged | 218 | (54) | 226 | (57) | 193 | (48) | |
| Markedly enlarged | 18 | (4) | 15 | (4) | 10 | (2) | |
| Lymph nodes‡ | |||||||
| Normal | 206 | (51) | 210 | (53) | 204 | (51) | .83 |
| Moderately enlarged | 191 | (47) | 176 | (44) | 186 | (46) | |
| Markedly enlarged | 8 | (2) | 11 | (3) | 12 | (3) | |
| Mediastinal mass1-153 | |||||||
| Absent | 393 | (97) | 384 | (97) | 397 | (99) | .24 |
| Small | 12 | (3) | 12 | (3) | 5 | (1) | |
| Large | 0 | (0) | 1 | (0) | 0 | (0) | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | |||||||
| 1-7.9 | 285 | (70) | 269 | (68) | 260 | (65) | .53 |
| 8.0-10.9 | 97 | (24) | 106 | (27) | 117 | (29) | |
| 11.0 or more | 23 | (6) | 22 | (6) | 25 | (6) | |
| Platelets (× 109/L) | |||||||
| 1-49 | 248 | (61) | 243 | (61) | 242 | (60) | .82 |
| 50-149 | 122 | (30) | 115 | (29) | 115 | (29) | |
| 150 or more | 35 | (9) | 39 | (10) | 45 | (11) | |
| CNS disease at diagnosis | |||||||
| Yes | 4 | (1) | 8 | (2) | 3 | (1) | .38 |
| No | 399 | (99) | 389 | (98) | 397 | (99) | |
| Testicular disease at diagnosis | |||||||
| Yes | 6 | (2) | 8 | (3) | 5 | (2) | .96 |
| No | 273 | (98) | 267 | (97) | 256 | (98) | |
| Immunophenotype1-155 | |||||||
| B-lineage | 271 | (97) | 268 | (94) | 270 | (97) | .24 |
| T-lineage | 9 | (3) | 16 | (6) | 9 | (3) | |
| Myeloid lineage | |||||||
| Yes | 36 | (20) | 48 | (24) | 27 | (14) | .04 |
| No | 147 | (80) | 148 | (76) | 161 | (86) | |
| Ploidy group | |||||||
| Normal | 44 | (28) | 40 | (30) | 52 | (34) | .21 |
| Pseudodiploid | 6 | (4) | 4 | (3) | 14 | (9) | |
| Hypodiploid | 30 | (19) | 32 | (24) | 23 | (15) | |
| Hyperdiploid (47-50) | 18 | (12) | 13 | (10) | 14 | (9) | |
| Hyperdiploid (more than 50) | 58 | (37) | 43 | (33) | 51 | (33) | |
| N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | ||
| Translocation | |||||||
| t(4;11)(q21;q23) | |||||||
| Yes | 2 | (1) | 1 | (1) | 0 | (0) | .39 |
| No | 154 | (99) | 131 | (99) | 154 | (100) | |
| t(9;22)(q34;q11) | |||||||
| Yes | 1 | (1) | 2 | (2) | 1 | (1) | .68 |
| No | 155 | (99) | 130 | (98) | 153 | (99) | |
| t(1;19)(q23;p13) | |||||||
| Yes | 7 | (4) | 4 | (3) | 4 | (3) | .63 |
| No | 149 | (96) | 128 | (97) | 150 | (97) | |
| Variable and category . | DI (N = 405) . | DIVPI (N = 397) . | DDI (N = 402) . | P* . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N . | (%) . | N . | (%) . | N . | (%) . | ||
| Age, y | |||||||
| 1-1.99 | 52 | (13) | 62 | (16) | 73 | (18) | .22 |
| 2-4.99 | 231 | (57) | 220 | (55) | 228 | (57) | |
| 5 or older | 122 | (30) | 115 | (29) | 101 | (25) | |
| WBC count, × 109/L | |||||||
| Less than 20 | 286 | (71) | 276 | (70) | 277 | (69) | .87 |
| 20-49 | 119 | (29) | 121 | (30) | 125 | (31) | |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 279 | (69) | 275 | (69) | 264 | (66) | .49 |
| Female | 126 | (31) | 122 | (31) | 138 | (34) | |
| Race | |||||||
| White | 310 | (77) | 300 | (76) | 304 | (76) | .96 |
| Black | 13 | (3) | 15 | (4) | 19 | (5) | |
| Hispanic | 56 | (14) | 57 | (14) | 53 | (13) | |
| Other | 26 | (6) | 25 | (6) | 26 | (6) | |
| Down syndrome | |||||||
| Yes | 11 | (3) | 12 | (3) | 10 | (2) | .90 |
| No | 394 | (97) | 385 | (97) | 391 | (98) | |
| Liver† | |||||||
| Normal | 158 | (39) | 162 | (41) | 188 | (47) | .03 |
| Moderately enlarged | 231 | (57) | 217 | (55) | 207 | (52) | |
| Markedly enlarged | 16 | (4) | 18 | (5) | 6 | (2) | |
| Spleen† | |||||||
| Normal | 169 | (42) | 156 | (39) | 199 | (50) | .03 |
| Moderately enlarged | 218 | (54) | 226 | (57) | 193 | (48) | |
| Markedly enlarged | 18 | (4) | 15 | (4) | 10 | (2) | |
| Lymph nodes‡ | |||||||
| Normal | 206 | (51) | 210 | (53) | 204 | (51) | .83 |
| Moderately enlarged | 191 | (47) | 176 | (44) | 186 | (46) | |
| Markedly enlarged | 8 | (2) | 11 | (3) | 12 | (3) | |
| Mediastinal mass1-153 | |||||||
| Absent | 393 | (97) | 384 | (97) | 397 | (99) | .24 |
| Small | 12 | (3) | 12 | (3) | 5 | (1) | |
| Large | 0 | (0) | 1 | (0) | 0 | (0) | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | |||||||
| 1-7.9 | 285 | (70) | 269 | (68) | 260 | (65) | .53 |
| 8.0-10.9 | 97 | (24) | 106 | (27) | 117 | (29) | |
| 11.0 or more | 23 | (6) | 22 | (6) | 25 | (6) | |
| Platelets (× 109/L) | |||||||
| 1-49 | 248 | (61) | 243 | (61) | 242 | (60) | .82 |
| 50-149 | 122 | (30) | 115 | (29) | 115 | (29) | |
| 150 or more | 35 | (9) | 39 | (10) | 45 | (11) | |
| CNS disease at diagnosis | |||||||
| Yes | 4 | (1) | 8 | (2) | 3 | (1) | .38 |
| No | 399 | (99) | 389 | (98) | 397 | (99) | |
| Testicular disease at diagnosis | |||||||
| Yes | 6 | (2) | 8 | (3) | 5 | (2) | .96 |
| No | 273 | (98) | 267 | (97) | 256 | (98) | |
| Immunophenotype1-155 | |||||||
| B-lineage | 271 | (97) | 268 | (94) | 270 | (97) | .24 |
| T-lineage | 9 | (3) | 16 | (6) | 9 | (3) | |
| Myeloid lineage | |||||||
| Yes | 36 | (20) | 48 | (24) | 27 | (14) | .04 |
| No | 147 | (80) | 148 | (76) | 161 | (86) | |
| Ploidy group | |||||||
| Normal | 44 | (28) | 40 | (30) | 52 | (34) | .21 |
| Pseudodiploid | 6 | (4) | 4 | (3) | 14 | (9) | |
| Hypodiploid | 30 | (19) | 32 | (24) | 23 | (15) | |
| Hyperdiploid (47-50) | 18 | (12) | 13 | (10) | 14 | (9) | |
| Hyperdiploid (more than 50) | 58 | (37) | 43 | (33) | 51 | (33) | |
| N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | ||
| Translocation | |||||||
| t(4;11)(q21;q23) | |||||||
| Yes | 2 | (1) | 1 | (1) | 0 | (0) | .39 |
| No | 154 | (99) | 131 | (99) | 154 | (100) | |
| t(9;22)(q34;q11) | |||||||
| Yes | 1 | (1) | 2 | (2) | 1 | (1) | .68 |
| No | 155 | (99) | 130 | (98) | 153 | (99) | |
| t(1;19)(q23;p13) | |||||||
| Yes | 7 | (4) | 4 | (3) | 4 | (3) | .63 |
| No | 149 | (96) | 128 | (97) | 150 | (97) | |
DI indicates delayed-intensification phase; DIVPI, a single DI phase in conjunction with increased vincristine and prednisone pulses during maintenance; DDI, 2 DI phases; WBC, white blood cell; and CNS, central nervous system.
Chi-square test.
Markedly enlarged is defined as organ below the umbilicus; data from one DDI patient missing.
Normal is defined as normal or shotty nodes; markedly enlarged is defined as visible nodes.
Large is defined as mass below the umbilicus.
Among 843 patients with data on B-lineage and T-lineage antigen expression and 576 patients with data on myeloid antigen expression.