Table 1.

RT-PCR Monitoring Studies in APL

Authors (ref) Type of Study Treatment Time of Sampling Sensitivity PCR Status in HCR/ Hematologic Relapses Comments
Miller et al28 Retrospective  ATRA  Early postinduction  103 6 +ve/6  
Borrow et al45 Retrospective  Not reported  Not reported  104 5 −ve  
Chang et al47 Retrospective  Not reported  Early postinduction  104 5 +ve/1  Follow-up of +ve cases: 6-7 mo  
Lo Coco et al49 Retrospective  ATRA/CHT/BMT  Variable  104 13 +ve/11  * 
   Posttreatment  22 −ve  * 
Huang et al50 Retrospective prospective  ATRA ± CHT  Variable posttreatment  105 14 +ve/5  No follow-up reported* 
     48 −ve No follow-up reported* 
Diverio et al104 Retrospective  CHT ± BMT  Long-term CR 105 9 −ve  
Roman et al113 Retrospective  CHT + BMT  Variable post-BMT 104/105 2 +ve/2  * 
     18 −ve  * 
Tobal et al114 Retrospective  CHT ± BMT  Variable posttreatment 5 × 105 6 +ve  RARα/PML test (follow-up 3-9 yr)* 
     12 −ve RARα/PML test* 
    5 × 104 18 −ve  PML/RARα test (includes 6 RAR/PML +ve)* 
Martinelli et al105 Retrospective  CHT ±  Long-term CR 103/104 1 +ve/1  
     9 −ve  
Grimwade et al111 Retrospective study of relapses  ATRA + CHT  Variable posttreatment 105 1 +ve/1  RARα/PML test* 
     8 −ve/8  RARα/PML test* 
    104 3 +ve/3 PML/RARα test* 
     9 −ve/9  PML/RARα test* 
Miller et al51 Prospective  ATRA ± CHT  Variable posttreatment  103 15 +ve/15 18 −ve/2  *,* 
Fukutani et al88 Prospective  ATRA + CHT Postconsolidation  105 13 +ve/10  * 
     14 −ve  Median follow-up of −ve pts: 9 mo* 
Mandelli et al19 Prospective ATRA + CHT  Early postconsolidation  104 3 +ve  All 3 pts underwent allo-BMT after PCR+ 
     159 −ve/17 16/17 converted to PCR +ve before relapse  
Koller et al108 Prospective  ATRA ± CHT  Variable posttreatment  106 3 +ve/3 7 −ve  *,* 
Korninger et al109 Prospective  ATRA + CHT Variable posttreatment  105 3 +ve/3  * 
Lackzika et al110 Prospective  ATRA + CHT Postconsolidation  106 1 +ve/1 4 −ve  *,* 
Ikeda et al107 Prospective  ATRA/CHT/BMT Variable posttreatment  105 2 +ve/2 5 −ve  *,* 
Perego et al112 Prospective  ATRA/CHT/BMT Post-CHT  4 × 105 8 −ve/1  * 
   Pre-post BMT  
Diverio et al52 Prospective  ATRA + CHT  Sequential postconsolidation 104 21 +ve/20 142 −ve/8  *,* 
Authors (ref) Type of Study Treatment Time of Sampling Sensitivity PCR Status in HCR/ Hematologic Relapses Comments
Miller et al28 Retrospective  ATRA  Early postinduction  103 6 +ve/6  
Borrow et al45 Retrospective  Not reported  Not reported  104 5 −ve  
Chang et al47 Retrospective  Not reported  Early postinduction  104 5 +ve/1  Follow-up of +ve cases: 6-7 mo  
Lo Coco et al49 Retrospective  ATRA/CHT/BMT  Variable  104 13 +ve/11  * 
   Posttreatment  22 −ve  * 
Huang et al50 Retrospective prospective  ATRA ± CHT  Variable posttreatment  105 14 +ve/5  No follow-up reported* 
     48 −ve No follow-up reported* 
Diverio et al104 Retrospective  CHT ± BMT  Long-term CR 105 9 −ve  
Roman et al113 Retrospective  CHT + BMT  Variable post-BMT 104/105 2 +ve/2  * 
     18 −ve  * 
Tobal et al114 Retrospective  CHT ± BMT  Variable posttreatment 5 × 105 6 +ve  RARα/PML test (follow-up 3-9 yr)* 
     12 −ve RARα/PML test* 
    5 × 104 18 −ve  PML/RARα test (includes 6 RAR/PML +ve)* 
Martinelli et al105 Retrospective  CHT ±  Long-term CR 103/104 1 +ve/1  
     9 −ve  
Grimwade et al111 Retrospective study of relapses  ATRA + CHT  Variable posttreatment 105 1 +ve/1  RARα/PML test* 
     8 −ve/8  RARα/PML test* 
    104 3 +ve/3 PML/RARα test* 
     9 −ve/9  PML/RARα test* 
Miller et al51 Prospective  ATRA ± CHT  Variable posttreatment  103 15 +ve/15 18 −ve/2  *,* 
Fukutani et al88 Prospective  ATRA + CHT Postconsolidation  105 13 +ve/10  * 
     14 −ve  Median follow-up of −ve pts: 9 mo* 
Mandelli et al19 Prospective ATRA + CHT  Early postconsolidation  104 3 +ve  All 3 pts underwent allo-BMT after PCR+ 
     159 −ve/17 16/17 converted to PCR +ve before relapse  
Koller et al108 Prospective  ATRA ± CHT  Variable posttreatment  106 3 +ve/3 7 −ve  *,* 
Korninger et al109 Prospective  ATRA + CHT Variable posttreatment  105 3 +ve/3  * 
Lackzika et al110 Prospective  ATRA + CHT Postconsolidation  106 1 +ve/1 4 −ve  *,* 
Ikeda et al107 Prospective  ATRA/CHT/BMT Variable posttreatment  105 2 +ve/2 5 −ve  *,* 
Perego et al112 Prospective  ATRA/CHT/BMT Post-CHT  4 × 105 8 −ve/1  * 
   Pre-post BMT  
Diverio et al52 Prospective  ATRA + CHT  Sequential postconsolidation 104 21 +ve/20 142 −ve/8  *,* 

Abbreviations: HCR, hematologic complete remission; BMT, bone marrow transplantation; +ve, positive; −ve, negative; pts, patients; CHT, chemotherapy.

*

Studies reporting sequential PCR evaluations. In such cases, the last PCR result before relapse or last follow-up is considered.

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