All patients had fever refractory to broad spectrum antibiotics for greater than 5 days plus clinical evidence of an infection (except for patients UPN 3, 50, and 51, who had only clinical evidence of an infection, but responded to broad spectrum antibiotics).

Abbreviations: A. flavus, Aspergillus flavus; A. fumig., Aspergillus fumigatus; ALL, acute lymphatic leukemia; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; BMT, autologous bone marrow transplantation; CXR, chest x-ray; CT scan, computerized tomography scan; Diagn., time after randomization (in days) when an IA was diagnosed; dissem., disseminated organ infection; Histo., histology for invasive mold; IPA, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (air crescent sign, halo sign, or other highly compatible nodular infiltrate); Locat., location of invasive aspergillus infection; ND, not done; neg., negative; Neutr., duration of neutropenia <0.5/nL (in days) at the time an IA was diagnosed; p.m., post mortem; pos., positive; Sero., serologic tests for aspergillus; surg., surgical; Stop, discontinuation of allocated study treatment (in days after randomization); Strat., stratum used for randomization; undeterm., undetermined; UPN, unique patient number.

Patient died from aspergillus infection during or shortly after study period.

Patient started inhalations when IA was suspected.

Patient died from noninfectious multiorgan failure during study period.