Clinical characteristics of study population
Characteristics . | HS . | Mild HF . | Severe HF . |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. studied | 20 | 19 | 23 |
| No. men/no. women | 18/2 | 18/1 | 20/3 |
| Age, y* | 58 ± 5 | 59 ± 12 | 58 ± 8 |
| Cigarette smoking, no. men/no. women | 2/1 | 1/0 | 3/1 |
| Causes of heart failure, no. | |||
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | NA | 10 | 11 |
| Coronary artery disease | NA | 8 | 7 |
| Valve disease | NA | 1 | 5 |
| LVEF, %* | 56.2 ± 5.5 | 29.0 ± 4.8 | 26.9 ± 7.2 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/mL* | 184.1 ± 38.6 | 207.3 ± 41.4 | 201.7 ± 49.9 |
| Diabetes, no. men/no. women | 0/0 | 0/0 | 1/0 |
| Therapeutic agents, no. | |||
| Diuretics | NA | 8 | 21 |
| β-blockers | NA | 12 | 13 |
| Calcium-channel antagonists | NA | 4 | 4 |
| ACE inhibitors | NA | 13 | 16 |
| ATI receptor antagonists | NA | 5 | 6 |
| Anticoagulant drugs | NA | 5 | 20 |
| Lipid-lowering agents | NA | 4 | 15 |
| Digitalis | NA | 10 | 22 |
| Aspirin | NA | 3 | 1 |
| Ticlopidine | NA | 3 | 2 |
Characteristics . | HS . | Mild HF . | Severe HF . |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. studied | 20 | 19 | 23 |
| No. men/no. women | 18/2 | 18/1 | 20/3 |
| Age, y* | 58 ± 5 | 59 ± 12 | 58 ± 8 |
| Cigarette smoking, no. men/no. women | 2/1 | 1/0 | 3/1 |
| Causes of heart failure, no. | |||
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | NA | 10 | 11 |
| Coronary artery disease | NA | 8 | 7 |
| Valve disease | NA | 1 | 5 |
| LVEF, %* | 56.2 ± 5.5 | 29.0 ± 4.8 | 26.9 ± 7.2 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/mL* | 184.1 ± 38.6 | 207.3 ± 41.4 | 201.7 ± 49.9 |
| Diabetes, no. men/no. women | 0/0 | 0/0 | 1/0 |
| Therapeutic agents, no. | |||
| Diuretics | NA | 8 | 21 |
| β-blockers | NA | 12 | 13 |
| Calcium-channel antagonists | NA | 4 | 4 |
| ACE inhibitors | NA | 13 | 16 |
| ATI receptor antagonists | NA | 5 | 6 |
| Anticoagulant drugs | NA | 5 | 20 |
| Lipid-lowering agents | NA | 4 | 15 |
| Digitalis | NA | 10 | 22 |
| Aspirin | NA | 3 | 1 |
| Ticlopidine | NA | 3 | 2 |
Mild HF was classified as NYHA I–II, and severe HF was classified as NYHA III–IV. LVEF indicates left ventricular ejection fraction; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; AT1, angiotensin type 1; NA, not applicable.
Data are mean ± SD