Table 7.

Prognostic factors in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

*Intermediate prognosis group in some studies 
Abbreviations: FAB, French-British-American classification; FLT3, FMS-like class III tyrosine kinase receptor gene; MLL, mixed-lineage leukemia gene 
Favorable 
AML with the t(15;17)(q22;q12-21) 
AML with the inv(16)(p13q22) or t(16;16)(p13;q22) 
AML with the t(8;21)(q22;q22)* 
AML with the t(9;11)(p22;q23)* 
AML in children with Down syndrome 
AML in children under 1 year of age* 
Intermediate or undefined 
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia 
AML with other nonrandom chromosome abnormalities 
AML with normal karyotype 
FLT3 mutations/internal tandem duplications 
MLL amplification 
Expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters 
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha gene mutations 
Overexpression of ecotropic viral integration site-1 (EVI-1) 
Unfavorable 
AML with monosomy 7 or −7(q) 
AML with the t(6;9)(p23;q34) 
AML with complex karyotype 
AML evolving from myelodysplastic syndrome 
Persistent leukemia after 2 courses of intensive chemotherapy 
Therapy-related AML 
*Intermediate prognosis group in some studies 
Abbreviations: FAB, French-British-American classification; FLT3, FMS-like class III tyrosine kinase receptor gene; MLL, mixed-lineage leukemia gene 
Favorable 
AML with the t(15;17)(q22;q12-21) 
AML with the inv(16)(p13q22) or t(16;16)(p13;q22) 
AML with the t(8;21)(q22;q22)* 
AML with the t(9;11)(p22;q23)* 
AML in children with Down syndrome 
AML in children under 1 year of age* 
Intermediate or undefined 
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia 
AML with other nonrandom chromosome abnormalities 
AML with normal karyotype 
FLT3 mutations/internal tandem duplications 
MLL amplification 
Expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters 
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha gene mutations 
Overexpression of ecotropic viral integration site-1 (EVI-1) 
Unfavorable 
AML with monosomy 7 or −7(q) 
AML with the t(6;9)(p23;q34) 
AML with complex karyotype 
AML evolving from myelodysplastic syndrome 
Persistent leukemia after 2 courses of intensive chemotherapy 
Therapy-related AML 
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