Prognostic factors in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
| *Intermediate prognosis group in some studies |
| Abbreviations: FAB, French-British-American classification; FLT3, FMS-like class III tyrosine kinase receptor gene; MLL, mixed-lineage leukemia gene |
| Favorable |
| AML with the t(15;17)(q22;q12-21) |
| AML with the inv(16)(p13q22) or t(16;16)(p13;q22) |
| AML with the t(8;21)(q22;q22)* |
| AML with the t(9;11)(p22;q23)* |
| AML in children with Down syndrome |
| AML in children under 1 year of age* |
| Intermediate or undefined |
| Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia |
| AML with other nonrandom chromosome abnormalities |
| AML with normal karyotype |
| FLT3 mutations/internal tandem duplications |
| MLL amplification |
| Expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters |
| CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha gene mutations |
| Overexpression of ecotropic viral integration site-1 (EVI-1) |
| Unfavorable |
| AML with monosomy 7 or −7(q) |
| AML with the t(6;9)(p23;q34) |
| AML with complex karyotype |
| AML evolving from myelodysplastic syndrome |
| Persistent leukemia after 2 courses of intensive chemotherapy |
| Therapy-related AML |
| *Intermediate prognosis group in some studies |
| Abbreviations: FAB, French-British-American classification; FLT3, FMS-like class III tyrosine kinase receptor gene; MLL, mixed-lineage leukemia gene |
| Favorable |
| AML with the t(15;17)(q22;q12-21) |
| AML with the inv(16)(p13q22) or t(16;16)(p13;q22) |
| AML with the t(8;21)(q22;q22)* |
| AML with the t(9;11)(p22;q23)* |
| AML in children with Down syndrome |
| AML in children under 1 year of age* |
| Intermediate or undefined |
| Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia |
| AML with other nonrandom chromosome abnormalities |
| AML with normal karyotype |
| FLT3 mutations/internal tandem duplications |
| MLL amplification |
| Expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters |
| CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha gene mutations |
| Overexpression of ecotropic viral integration site-1 (EVI-1) |
| Unfavorable |
| AML with monosomy 7 or −7(q) |
| AML with the t(6;9)(p23;q34) |
| AML with complex karyotype |
| AML evolving from myelodysplastic syndrome |
| Persistent leukemia after 2 courses of intensive chemotherapy |
| Therapy-related AML |