Residual anemia and mean Hb by thalassemia, Malawi 2016 (n = 300)
| Anemia, % . | Normal (αα/αα) (n = 178) . | Heterozygote (−α/αα) (n = 97) . | Homozygote (−α/−α) (n = 25) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| None (Hb ≥11.0 g/L) | 94.4 (90.7-98.1) | 90.6 (82.4-98.7) | 32.5 (2.2-62.9) | .0001 |
| Mild (Hb 10.0-10.9 g/L) | 4.8 (1.8-1.3) | 7.4 (3.6-0.2) | 66.2 (35.7-96.7) | |
| Moderate or severe (Hb <10.0 g/L) | 0.8 (0.0-2.2) | 2.1 (0.0-4.9) | 1.3 (0.0-3.9) | |
| Mean Hb (g/L) | 12.4 (12.2-12.5) | 11.8 (11.4-12.2) | 11.0 (10.7-11.3) | <.0001 |
| Anemia, % . | Normal (αα/αα) (n = 178) . | Heterozygote (−α/αα) (n = 97) . | Homozygote (−α/−α) (n = 25) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| None (Hb ≥11.0 g/L) | 94.4 (90.7-98.1) | 90.6 (82.4-98.7) | 32.5 (2.2-62.9) | .0001 |
| Mild (Hb 10.0-10.9 g/L) | 4.8 (1.8-1.3) | 7.4 (3.6-0.2) | 66.2 (35.7-96.7) | |
| Moderate or severe (Hb <10.0 g/L) | 0.8 (0.0-2.2) | 2.1 (0.0-4.9) | 1.3 (0.0-3.9) | |
| Mean Hb (g/L) | 12.4 (12.2-12.5) | 11.8 (11.4-12.2) | 11.0 (10.7-11.3) | <.0001 |
Restricted to children with no inflammation, iron deficiency, or malaria (inflammation defined as CRP ≤5 mg/L and AGP ≤1 g/L; iron deficiency defined as inflammation-adjusted ferritin ≥12 µg/L; and malaria tested by rapid diagnostic test). Proportions compared using Rao-Scott modified χ2 test; mean concentrations compared using linear regression with generalized estimating equations to account for complex survey design.