Prevalence of malaria and anemia severity by blood disorder among children 6 to 59 mo, Malawi 2016 (n = 1071)
| Blood disorder . | . | Anemia . | Overall prevalence . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (+) Malaria . | None . | Mild . | Moderate or severe . | ||
| Sickle cell status, % (95% CI) | |||||
| Normal | 28.5 (20.5-36.5) | 69.0 (64.9-73.0) | 18.0 (15.2-20.8) | 13.0 (9.6-16.5) | 90.9 (87.9-93.9) |
| Sickle cell trait | 20.5 (7.6-33.4) | 70.3 (59.4-81.3) | 17.4 (7.8-26.9) | 12.3 (2.5-22.1) | 9.1 (6.1-12.0) |
| Sickle cell anemia | — | — | — | 100 (100-100) | 0.04 (0.0-0.1) |
| α-Thalassemia genotype, % (95% CI) | |||||
| αα/αα | 29.5 (21.3-37.7) | 72.2 (67.7-76.7)* | 15.1 (11.8, 18.3)* | 12.8 (9.5-16.0)* | 56.9 (51.4-62.3) |
| −α3.7/αα | 26.0 (17.1-34.8) | 70.2 (64.2-76.3)* | 16.2 (11.0, 21.4)* | 13.6 (4.2-22.5)* | 33.1 (28.4-37.9) |
| −α3.7/−α3.7 | 26.5 (14.5-38.5) | 44.7 (31.1-58.2)* | 42.0 (26.8-57.1)* | 13.3 (4.2-22.5)* | 10.0 (7.7-12.2) |
| G6PD genotype: males, % (95% CI) | |||||
| Normal | 31.4 (23.2-39.6) | 64.8 (59.4-70.1) | 18.8 (14.4-23.3) | 16.4 (11.8-20.9) | 79.8 (75.0-84.6) |
| G6PD deficient | 26.9 (9.4-44.4) | 75.5 (65.1-86.0) | 13.3 (6.4-20.2) | 11.2 (3.9-18.4) | 20.2 (15.4-25.0) |
| G6PD genotype: females, % (95% CI) | |||||
| Normal | 26.5 (19.6-33.4) | 68.0 (63.3-76.7) | 18.0 (13.1-23.2) | 13.1 (7.3-16.4) | 62.8 (57.8-67.9) |
| Carriers | 22.5 (10.5-34.6) | 72.4 (64.4-80.5) | 18.2 (10.3-26.0) | 9.4 (3.9-14.9) | 34.6 (30.0-39.2) |
| G6PD deficient | 33.4 (0.0-70.8) | 77.2 (53.0-100.0) | 19.6 (0.0-42.2) | 3.2 (0.0-9.8) | 2.6 (0.8-4.4) |
| Overall, % (95% CI) | 27.8 (20.2-35.4) | 69.1 (65.5-72.7) | 18.0 (15.3-20.6) | 13.0 (9.8-16.2) | |
| Blood disorder . | . | Anemia . | Overall prevalence . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (+) Malaria . | None . | Mild . | Moderate or severe . | ||
| Sickle cell status, % (95% CI) | |||||
| Normal | 28.5 (20.5-36.5) | 69.0 (64.9-73.0) | 18.0 (15.2-20.8) | 13.0 (9.6-16.5) | 90.9 (87.9-93.9) |
| Sickle cell trait | 20.5 (7.6-33.4) | 70.3 (59.4-81.3) | 17.4 (7.8-26.9) | 12.3 (2.5-22.1) | 9.1 (6.1-12.0) |
| Sickle cell anemia | — | — | — | 100 (100-100) | 0.04 (0.0-0.1) |
| α-Thalassemia genotype, % (95% CI) | |||||
| αα/αα | 29.5 (21.3-37.7) | 72.2 (67.7-76.7)* | 15.1 (11.8, 18.3)* | 12.8 (9.5-16.0)* | 56.9 (51.4-62.3) |
| −α3.7/αα | 26.0 (17.1-34.8) | 70.2 (64.2-76.3)* | 16.2 (11.0, 21.4)* | 13.6 (4.2-22.5)* | 33.1 (28.4-37.9) |
| −α3.7/−α3.7 | 26.5 (14.5-38.5) | 44.7 (31.1-58.2)* | 42.0 (26.8-57.1)* | 13.3 (4.2-22.5)* | 10.0 (7.7-12.2) |
| G6PD genotype: males, % (95% CI) | |||||
| Normal | 31.4 (23.2-39.6) | 64.8 (59.4-70.1) | 18.8 (14.4-23.3) | 16.4 (11.8-20.9) | 79.8 (75.0-84.6) |
| G6PD deficient | 26.9 (9.4-44.4) | 75.5 (65.1-86.0) | 13.3 (6.4-20.2) | 11.2 (3.9-18.4) | 20.2 (15.4-25.0) |
| G6PD genotype: females, % (95% CI) | |||||
| Normal | 26.5 (19.6-33.4) | 68.0 (63.3-76.7) | 18.0 (13.1-23.2) | 13.1 (7.3-16.4) | 62.8 (57.8-67.9) |
| Carriers | 22.5 (10.5-34.6) | 72.4 (64.4-80.5) | 18.2 (10.3-26.0) | 9.4 (3.9-14.9) | 34.6 (30.0-39.2) |
| G6PD deficient | 33.4 (0.0-70.8) | 77.2 (53.0-100.0) | 19.6 (0.0-42.2) | 3.2 (0.0-9.8) | 2.6 (0.8-4.4) |
| Overall, % (95% CI) | 27.8 (20.2-35.4) | 69.1 (65.5-72.7) | 18.0 (15.3-20.6) | 13.0 (9.8-16.2) | |
Data are weighted to account for complex survey design. Malaria determined by rapid diagnostic test.
—, no observations.
Distribution of anemia severity differs by α-thalassemia genotype (P = .0003) using the Rao-Scott modified χ2 test.