Patient and treatment characteristics of the total study population and according to the development of the composite adverse outcome
| Patient and treatment characteristics . | Total . | Severe acute maternal morbidity, mortality, and need for surgical intervention . | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No . | Yes . | ||
| Patients, n (%) | 1312 | 849 (65) | 463 (35) |
| Maternal characteristics | |||
| Age, y | 31.3 (28-35) | 31.0 (28-35) | 32.0 (29-35) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.3 (21-26.4) | 23.1 (20.9-26.3) | 23.5 (21-27) |
| Ethnicity, white, % | 71 | 75 | 65 |
| Nulliparity, % | 52 | 54 | 47 |
| Gestational age, wk | 39.6 (38-40.7) | 39.7 (38.3-40.9) | 39.4 (37.4-40.6) |
| Mode of birth, % | |||
| Caesarean section | 25 | 19 | 36 |
| Vaginal | 75 | 81 | 63 |
| Comorbidity, % | |||
| Preeclampsia/HELLP | 11 | 9 | 14 |
| Anticoagulant use | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 |
| Transfer to hospital, % | |||
| Transfer to hospital during labor | 14 | 15 | 12 |
| Postpartum transfer (birth at home) | 12 | 15 | 8 |
| Primary cause of bleeding, % | |||
| Uterine atony | 65 | 66 | 63 |
| Retained placenta | 17 | 21 | 10 |
| Pathological ingrowth of placenta | 8 | 6 | 12 |
| Placenta previa | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Surgical bleeding | 7 | 5 | 10 |
| Placental abruption | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Coagulopathy | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Fibrinogen administered, % | 10 | 4 | 21 |
| Tranexamic acid administered, % | 44 | 36 | 59 |
| Recombinant FVIIa-administered, % | 3 | 0.1 | 8 |
| Bleeding rate, mL/min* | 2.4 (1.2-4.6) | 2.3 (1.2-4.2) | 2.4 (1.3-5.3) |
| Shock (systolic blood pressure <90 or heart rate >120), % | 85 | 84 | 86 |
| Total volume of clear fluids, L | 2.5 (1.7-4.0) | 2.5 (1.5-3.5) | 3.0 (2.0-4.5) |
| Total units of blood products | 6.0 (4.0-8.0) | 5.0 (4.0-6.0) | 10.0 (6.0-16.0) |
| Four or more red cells units, n (%) | 875 (67) | 481 (57) | 394 (85) |
| One to 3 red cells and 1 or more plasma units, n (%) | 427 (33) | 360 (42) | 67 (14) |
| One to 3 red cells and 1 or more platelets units, n (%) | 10 (1) | 8 (1) | 2 (0.4) |
| Total volume of blood loss, L | 3.0 (2.5-4.0) | 2.8 (2.2-3.3) | 4.0 (3.0-5.5) |
| Patient and treatment characteristics . | Total . | Severe acute maternal morbidity, mortality, and need for surgical intervention . | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No . | Yes . | ||
| Patients, n (%) | 1312 | 849 (65) | 463 (35) |
| Maternal characteristics | |||
| Age, y | 31.3 (28-35) | 31.0 (28-35) | 32.0 (29-35) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.3 (21-26.4) | 23.1 (20.9-26.3) | 23.5 (21-27) |
| Ethnicity, white, % | 71 | 75 | 65 |
| Nulliparity, % | 52 | 54 | 47 |
| Gestational age, wk | 39.6 (38-40.7) | 39.7 (38.3-40.9) | 39.4 (37.4-40.6) |
| Mode of birth, % | |||
| Caesarean section | 25 | 19 | 36 |
| Vaginal | 75 | 81 | 63 |
| Comorbidity, % | |||
| Preeclampsia/HELLP | 11 | 9 | 14 |
| Anticoagulant use | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 |
| Transfer to hospital, % | |||
| Transfer to hospital during labor | 14 | 15 | 12 |
| Postpartum transfer (birth at home) | 12 | 15 | 8 |
| Primary cause of bleeding, % | |||
| Uterine atony | 65 | 66 | 63 |
| Retained placenta | 17 | 21 | 10 |
| Pathological ingrowth of placenta | 8 | 6 | 12 |
| Placenta previa | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Surgical bleeding | 7 | 5 | 10 |
| Placental abruption | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Coagulopathy | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Fibrinogen administered, % | 10 | 4 | 21 |
| Tranexamic acid administered, % | 44 | 36 | 59 |
| Recombinant FVIIa-administered, % | 3 | 0.1 | 8 |
| Bleeding rate, mL/min* | 2.4 (1.2-4.6) | 2.3 (1.2-4.2) | 2.4 (1.3-5.3) |
| Shock (systolic blood pressure <90 or heart rate >120), % | 85 | 84 | 86 |
| Total volume of clear fluids, L | 2.5 (1.7-4.0) | 2.5 (1.5-3.5) | 3.0 (2.0-4.5) |
| Total units of blood products | 6.0 (4.0-8.0) | 5.0 (4.0-6.0) | 10.0 (6.0-16.0) |
| Four or more red cells units, n (%) | 875 (67) | 481 (57) | 394 (85) |
| One to 3 red cells and 1 or more plasma units, n (%) | 427 (33) | 360 (42) | 67 (14) |
| One to 3 red cells and 1 or more platelets units, n (%) | 10 (1) | 8 (1) | 2 (0.4) |
| Total volume of blood loss, L | 3.0 (2.5-4.0) | 2.8 (2.2-3.3) | 4.0 (3.0-5.5) |
Values are median (IQR), except as noted.
Maximum.