Annual rates of clinical events in the study population, overall and stratified by metformin group
| Clinical events . | All patients, N = 457 . | Metformin treatment . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No, n = 315 . | Yes, n = 142 . | P . | ||
| Rate of all-cause inpatient encounters per year, median (IQR) | 0.9 (0.2-2.6) | 0.9 (0.3-3.2) | 0.6 (0.0-1.6) | <.01 |
| All-cause inpatient encounters ≥1, n (%) | 351 (77) | 247 (78) | 104 (73) | .23 |
| Rate of inpatient encounters with SCD codes per year, median (IQR) | 0.2 (0.0-0.7) | 0.2 (0.0-0.9) | 0.1 (0.0-0.5) | <.01 |
| Inpatient encounters with SCD codes ≥1, n (%) | 258 (56) | 185 (59) | 73 (51) | .14 |
| Rate of all-cause ED encounters per year, median (IQR) | 2.7 (1.0-6.2) | 2.9 (0.9-6.7) | 2.5 (1.0-5.3) | .24 |
| All-cause ED encounters ≥1, n (%) | 416 (91) | 282 (90) | 134 (94) | .09 |
| Rate of ED encounters with SCD codes per year, median (IQR) | 0.0 (0.0-0.8) | 0.0 (0.0-1.2) | 0.0 (0.0-0.5) | .01 |
| ED encounters with SCD codes ≥1, n (%) | 213 (47) | 155 (49) | 58 (41) | .10 |
| Rate of VOEs per year, median (IQR) | 0.0 (0.0-0.7) | 0.0 (0.0-0.9) | 0.0 (0.0-0.1) | <.01 |
| VOEs ≥1, n (%) | 168 (37) | 131 (42) | 37 (26) | <.01 |
| Rate of ACS episodes per year, median (IQR) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | .01 |
| ACS episodes ≥1, n (%) | 30 (7) | 27 (9) | 3 (2) | <.01 |
| Rate of stroke events per year, median (IQR) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | .29 |
| Stroke events ≥1, n (%) | 56 (12) | 42 (13) | 14 (10) | .29 |
| Rate of AVN events per year, median (IQR) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | .15 |
| AVN events ≥1, n (%) | 53 (12) | 41 (13) | 12 (8) | .16 |
| Rate of gallstone events per year, median (IQR) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | .73 |
| Gallstone events ≥1, n (%) | 69 (15) | 49 (16) | 20 (14) | .68 |
| Clinical events . | All patients, N = 457 . | Metformin treatment . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No, n = 315 . | Yes, n = 142 . | P . | ||
| Rate of all-cause inpatient encounters per year, median (IQR) | 0.9 (0.2-2.6) | 0.9 (0.3-3.2) | 0.6 (0.0-1.6) | <.01 |
| All-cause inpatient encounters ≥1, n (%) | 351 (77) | 247 (78) | 104 (73) | .23 |
| Rate of inpatient encounters with SCD codes per year, median (IQR) | 0.2 (0.0-0.7) | 0.2 (0.0-0.9) | 0.1 (0.0-0.5) | <.01 |
| Inpatient encounters with SCD codes ≥1, n (%) | 258 (56) | 185 (59) | 73 (51) | .14 |
| Rate of all-cause ED encounters per year, median (IQR) | 2.7 (1.0-6.2) | 2.9 (0.9-6.7) | 2.5 (1.0-5.3) | .24 |
| All-cause ED encounters ≥1, n (%) | 416 (91) | 282 (90) | 134 (94) | .09 |
| Rate of ED encounters with SCD codes per year, median (IQR) | 0.0 (0.0-0.8) | 0.0 (0.0-1.2) | 0.0 (0.0-0.5) | .01 |
| ED encounters with SCD codes ≥1, n (%) | 213 (47) | 155 (49) | 58 (41) | .10 |
| Rate of VOEs per year, median (IQR) | 0.0 (0.0-0.7) | 0.0 (0.0-0.9) | 0.0 (0.0-0.1) | <.01 |
| VOEs ≥1, n (%) | 168 (37) | 131 (42) | 37 (26) | <.01 |
| Rate of ACS episodes per year, median (IQR) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | .01 |
| ACS episodes ≥1, n (%) | 30 (7) | 27 (9) | 3 (2) | <.01 |
| Rate of stroke events per year, median (IQR) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | .29 |
| Stroke events ≥1, n (%) | 56 (12) | 42 (13) | 14 (10) | .29 |
| Rate of AVN events per year, median (IQR) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | .15 |
| AVN events ≥1, n (%) | 53 (12) | 41 (13) | 12 (8) | .16 |
| Rate of gallstone events per year, median (IQR) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | .73 |
| Gallstone events ≥1, n (%) | 69 (15) | 49 (16) | 20 (14) | .68 |