Association of NHL subtypes with tertiles of serum carotenoids
| . | Controls . | DLBCL . | FL . | CLL/SLL . | Pheterogeneity* . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases . | OR (95% CI) . | Cases . | OR (95% CI) . | Cases . | OR (95% CI) . | |||
| Total carotenoids, ng/mL | ||||||||
| < 1040.49 | 159 | 37 | 1.00 | 15 | 1.00 | 20 | 1.00 | |
| 1040.49-1550.33 | 195 | 20 | 0.42 (0.23-0.76) | 15 | 0.86 (0.40-1.86) | 15 | 0.59 (0.29-1.21) | |
| ≥ 1550.34 | 184 | 21 | 0.46 (0.25-0.84) | 19 | 1.07 (0.51-2.27) | 16 | 0.73 (0.36-1.49) | |
| Ptrend† | < 0.01 | 0.27 | 0.34 | .29 | ||||
| α-carotene, ng/mL | ||||||||
| < 38.53 | 169 | 35 | 1.00 | 16 | 1.00 | 20 | 1.00 | |
| 38.53-68.75 | 190 | 19 | 0.47 (0.25-0.85) | 14 | 0.69 (0.32-1.49) | 17 | 0.85 (0.42-1.71) | |
| ≥ 68.76 | 179 | 24 | 0.62 (0.34-1.11) | 19 | 0.96 (0.46-2.03) | 14 | 0.77 (0.36-1.62) | |
| Ptrend | 0.24 | 0.48 | 0.64 | .89 | ||||
| β-carotene, ng/mL | ||||||||
| < 167.52 | 164 | 38 | 1.00 | 15 | 1.00 | 18 | 1.00 | |
| 167.52-353.05 | 188 | 21 | 0.44 (0.24-0.79) | 16 | 0.94 (0.44-2.02) | 15 | 0.78 (0.37-1.62) | |
| ≥ 353.06 | 186 | 19 | 0.38 (0.20-0.71) | 18 | 1.04 (0.48-2.26) | 18 | 0.95 (0.46-1.96) | |
| Ptrend | < 0.01 | 0.89 | 0.84 | < .01 | ||||
| Lycopene, ng/mL | 3w1112 | |||||||
| < 345.70 | 155 | 34 | 1.00 | 18 | 1.00 | 17 | 1.00 | |
| 345.70-510.43 | 184 | 22 | 0.54 (0.30-0.96) | 18 | 0.85 (0.42-1.72) | 22 | 1.11 (0.56-2.20) | |
| ≥ 510.44 | 199 | 22 | 0.51 (0.28-0.91) | 13 | 0.53 (0.25-1.14) | 12 | 0.52 (0.24-1.15) | |
| Ptrend | < 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.19 | .44 | ||||
| Dihydrolycopene, ng/mL | ||||||||
| < 85.14 | 155 | 32 | 1.00 | 18 | 1.00 | 19 | 1.00 | |
| 85.14-122.47 | 182 | 26 | 0.68 (0.39-1.20) | 17 | 0.84 (0.41-1.73) | 21 | 0.92 (0.47-1.80) | |
| ≥ 122.48 | /201 | 20 | 0.49 (0.27-0.89) | 14 | 0.54 (0.26-1.16) | 11 | 0.45 (0.20-0.99) | |
| Ptrend | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.23 | .59 | ||||
| trans-lutein, ng/mL | ||||||||
| < 84.33 | 173 | 28 | 1.00 | 21 | 1.00 | 18 | 1.00 | |
| 84.33-122.36 | 174 | 3 | 1.06 (0.60-1.86) | 13 | 0.59 (0.28-1.26) | 22 | 1.21 (0.62-2.37) | |
| ≥ 122.37 | 191 | 20 | 0.62 (0.33-1.17) | 15 | 0.64 (0.31-1.35) | 11 | 0.59 (0.26-1.30) | |
| Ptrend | 0.16 | 0.28 | 0.10 | .93 | ||||
| α-cryptoxanthin, ng/mL | ||||||||
| < 27.16 | 158 | 36 | 1.00 | 19 | 1.00 | 25 | 1.00 | |
| 27.16-37.72 | 187 | 25 | 0.57 (0.32-1.00) | 12 | 0.48 (0.22-1.03) | 9 | 0.27 (0.12-0.60) | |
| ≥ 37.73 | 193 | 17 | 0.35 (0.19-0.68) | 18 | 0.76 (0.37-1.57) | 17 | 0.47 (0.23-0.95) | |
| Ptrend | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.07 | .99 | ||||
| β-cryptoxanthin, ng/mL | ||||||||
| < 126.45 | 181 | 33 | 1.00 | 15 | 1.00 | 16 | 1.00 | |
| 126.45-232.90 | 171 | 21 | 0.64 (0.35-1.16) | 22 | 1.50 (0.74-3.05) | 21 | 1.45 (0.72-2.93) | |
| ≥ 232.91 | 186 | 24 | 0.66 (0.36-1.21) | 12 | 0.70 (0.31-1.61) | 14 | 1.04 (0.47-2.28) | |
| Ptrend | 0.49 | 0.74 | 0.71 | .98 | ||||
| trans-zeaxanthin, ng/mL | ||||||||
| < 16.92 | 180 | 25 | 1.00 | 16 | 1.00 | 19 | 1.00 | |
| 16.92-24.05 | 177 | 30 | 1.21 (0.68-2.15) | 14 | 0.85 (0.39-1.83) | 21 | 1.19 (0.61-2.32) | |
| ≥ 24.06 | 181 | 23 | 0.90 (0.48-1.66) | 19 | 1.25 (0.60-2.60) | 11 | 0.60 (0.27-1.32) | |
| Ptrend | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.24 | .67 | ||||
| Retinol, ng/mL | ||||||||
| < 587.75 | 176 | 27 | 1.00 | 26 | 1.00 | 18 | 1.00 | |
| 587.75-740.43 | 186 | 30 | 1.03 (0.59-1.81) | 13 | 0.49 (0.24-0.99) | 14 | 0.69 (0.33-1.44) | |
| ≥ 740.44 | 176 | 21 | 0.75 (0.40-1.40) | 10 | 0.47 (0.21-1.04) | 19 | 0.83 (0.41-1.67) | |
| Ptrend | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.73 | .48 | ||||
| . | Controls . | DLBCL . | FL . | CLL/SLL . | Pheterogeneity* . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases . | OR (95% CI) . | Cases . | OR (95% CI) . | Cases . | OR (95% CI) . | |||
| Total carotenoids, ng/mL | ||||||||
| < 1040.49 | 159 | 37 | 1.00 | 15 | 1.00 | 20 | 1.00 | |
| 1040.49-1550.33 | 195 | 20 | 0.42 (0.23-0.76) | 15 | 0.86 (0.40-1.86) | 15 | 0.59 (0.29-1.21) | |
| ≥ 1550.34 | 184 | 21 | 0.46 (0.25-0.84) | 19 | 1.07 (0.51-2.27) | 16 | 0.73 (0.36-1.49) | |
| Ptrend† | < 0.01 | 0.27 | 0.34 | .29 | ||||
| α-carotene, ng/mL | ||||||||
| < 38.53 | 169 | 35 | 1.00 | 16 | 1.00 | 20 | 1.00 | |
| 38.53-68.75 | 190 | 19 | 0.47 (0.25-0.85) | 14 | 0.69 (0.32-1.49) | 17 | 0.85 (0.42-1.71) | |
| ≥ 68.76 | 179 | 24 | 0.62 (0.34-1.11) | 19 | 0.96 (0.46-2.03) | 14 | 0.77 (0.36-1.62) | |
| Ptrend | 0.24 | 0.48 | 0.64 | .89 | ||||
| β-carotene, ng/mL | ||||||||
| < 167.52 | 164 | 38 | 1.00 | 15 | 1.00 | 18 | 1.00 | |
| 167.52-353.05 | 188 | 21 | 0.44 (0.24-0.79) | 16 | 0.94 (0.44-2.02) | 15 | 0.78 (0.37-1.62) | |
| ≥ 353.06 | 186 | 19 | 0.38 (0.20-0.71) | 18 | 1.04 (0.48-2.26) | 18 | 0.95 (0.46-1.96) | |
| Ptrend | < 0.01 | 0.89 | 0.84 | < .01 | ||||
| Lycopene, ng/mL | 3w1112 | |||||||
| < 345.70 | 155 | 34 | 1.00 | 18 | 1.00 | 17 | 1.00 | |
| 345.70-510.43 | 184 | 22 | 0.54 (0.30-0.96) | 18 | 0.85 (0.42-1.72) | 22 | 1.11 (0.56-2.20) | |
| ≥ 510.44 | 199 | 22 | 0.51 (0.28-0.91) | 13 | 0.53 (0.25-1.14) | 12 | 0.52 (0.24-1.15) | |
| Ptrend | < 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.19 | .44 | ||||
| Dihydrolycopene, ng/mL | ||||||||
| < 85.14 | 155 | 32 | 1.00 | 18 | 1.00 | 19 | 1.00 | |
| 85.14-122.47 | 182 | 26 | 0.68 (0.39-1.20) | 17 | 0.84 (0.41-1.73) | 21 | 0.92 (0.47-1.80) | |
| ≥ 122.48 | /201 | 20 | 0.49 (0.27-0.89) | 14 | 0.54 (0.26-1.16) | 11 | 0.45 (0.20-0.99) | |
| Ptrend | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.23 | .59 | ||||
| trans-lutein, ng/mL | ||||||||
| < 84.33 | 173 | 28 | 1.00 | 21 | 1.00 | 18 | 1.00 | |
| 84.33-122.36 | 174 | 3 | 1.06 (0.60-1.86) | 13 | 0.59 (0.28-1.26) | 22 | 1.21 (0.62-2.37) | |
| ≥ 122.37 | 191 | 20 | 0.62 (0.33-1.17) | 15 | 0.64 (0.31-1.35) | 11 | 0.59 (0.26-1.30) | |
| Ptrend | 0.16 | 0.28 | 0.10 | .93 | ||||
| α-cryptoxanthin, ng/mL | ||||||||
| < 27.16 | 158 | 36 | 1.00 | 19 | 1.00 | 25 | 1.00 | |
| 27.16-37.72 | 187 | 25 | 0.57 (0.32-1.00) | 12 | 0.48 (0.22-1.03) | 9 | 0.27 (0.12-0.60) | |
| ≥ 37.73 | 193 | 17 | 0.35 (0.19-0.68) | 18 | 0.76 (0.37-1.57) | 17 | 0.47 (0.23-0.95) | |
| Ptrend | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.07 | .99 | ||||
| β-cryptoxanthin, ng/mL | ||||||||
| < 126.45 | 181 | 33 | 1.00 | 15 | 1.00 | 16 | 1.00 | |
| 126.45-232.90 | 171 | 21 | 0.64 (0.35-1.16) | 22 | 1.50 (0.74-3.05) | 21 | 1.45 (0.72-2.93) | |
| ≥ 232.91 | 186 | 24 | 0.66 (0.36-1.21) | 12 | 0.70 (0.31-1.61) | 14 | 1.04 (0.47-2.28) | |
| Ptrend | 0.49 | 0.74 | 0.71 | .98 | ||||
| trans-zeaxanthin, ng/mL | ||||||||
| < 16.92 | 180 | 25 | 1.00 | 16 | 1.00 | 19 | 1.00 | |
| 16.92-24.05 | 177 | 30 | 1.21 (0.68-2.15) | 14 | 0.85 (0.39-1.83) | 21 | 1.19 (0.61-2.32) | |
| ≥ 24.06 | 181 | 23 | 0.90 (0.48-1.66) | 19 | 1.25 (0.60-2.60) | 11 | 0.60 (0.27-1.32) | |
| Ptrend | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.24 | .67 | ||||
| Retinol, ng/mL | ||||||||
| < 587.75 | 176 | 27 | 1.00 | 26 | 1.00 | 18 | 1.00 | |
| 587.75-740.43 | 186 | 30 | 1.03 (0.59-1.81) | 13 | 0.49 (0.24-0.99) | 14 | 0.69 (0.33-1.44) | |
| ≥ 740.44 | 176 | 21 | 0.75 (0.40-1.40) | 10 | 0.47 (0.21-1.04) | 19 | 0.83 (0.41-1.67) | |
| Ptrend | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.73 | .48 | ||||
ORs and 95% CI estimated from conditional logistic regression with matched sets as strata. Cases and controls were matched on sex, age (± 1 year), study site (Hawaii or California), ethnicity, date of blood draw (± 1 year), time of blood draw (± 2 hours), and hours fasting prior to blood draw (< 6, 6 to < 8, 8 to < 10, ≥ 10).
P value for the test of heterogeneity in the parameter estimates for the log-transformed continuous variables across the NHL subtypes.
P value for the Wald χ2 of Ho: β = 0 when modeling the natural log–transformed continuous variable.