Characteristics of participants in the NHL nested case-control study
| Characteristic . | Cases (n = 271) . | Controls (n = 538) . | P* . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age at blood draw, y (SD)† | 70.0 (7.4) | 70.0 (7.5) | |
| Hours fasting before blood draw, mean (SD)† | 12.0 (4.0) | 12.3 (4.1) | |
| Male, n (%)† | 157 (57.9) | 312 (58.0) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%)† | |||
| Black | 46 (17.0) | 92 (17.1) | |
| Native Hawaiian | 17 (6.3) | 33 (6.1) | |
| Japanese American | 72 (26.6) | 142 (26.4) | |
| Latino | 62 (22.9) | 123 (22.9) | |
| White | 74 (27.3) | 148 (27.5) | |
| Years of education, mean (SD) | 13.7 (3.0) | 13.7 (3.2) | .88 |
| Mean BMI, kg/m2 (SD) | 26.9 (5.3) | 26.4 (4.3) | .16 |
| Pack-years of cigarette smoking, mean (SD) | 10.5 (15.1) | 9.8 (15.2) | .54 |
| Mean physical activity, h/d (SD) | 1.2 (1.2) | 1.3 (1.4) | .29 |
| Mean alcohol intake, g/d (SD) | 9.7 (24.4) | 11.2 (28.4) | .43 |
| Positive history of blood transfusion, n (%) | 23 (8.5) | 53 (9.9) | .53 |
| NHL subtype, n (%) | |||
| DLBCL | 78 (28.8) | ||
| Follicular lymphoma | 49 (18.1) | ||
| T-cell lymphomas | 15 (5.5) | ||
| SLL/CLL | 51 (18.8) | ||
| Other types | 78 (28.8) | ||
| Total carotenoids, ng/mL‡ | 1184 (862-1659) | 1326 (965-1769) | .02 |
| α-carotene, ng/mL | 48 (29-81) | 54 (32-83) | .20 |
| β-carotene, ng/mL | 224 (118-440) | 264 (147-430) | .08 |
| Lycopene, ng/mL | 370 (275-521) | 439 (320-583) | < .01 |
| Dihydrolycopene, ng/mL | 93 (67-127) | 107 (79-138) | < .01 |
| trans-lutein, ng/mL | 96 (73-129) | 104 (78-138) | .09 |
| α-cryptoxanthin, ng/mL | 30 (22-41) | 33 (26-43) | < .01 |
| β-cryptoxanthin, ng/mL | 156 (103-270) | 168 (106-295) | .45 |
| trans-zeaxanthin, ng/mL | 20 (16-26) | 20 (16-26) | .87 |
| Retinol, ng/mL | 648 (527-798) | 661 (562-780) | .19 |
| Characteristic . | Cases (n = 271) . | Controls (n = 538) . | P* . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age at blood draw, y (SD)† | 70.0 (7.4) | 70.0 (7.5) | |
| Hours fasting before blood draw, mean (SD)† | 12.0 (4.0) | 12.3 (4.1) | |
| Male, n (%)† | 157 (57.9) | 312 (58.0) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%)† | |||
| Black | 46 (17.0) | 92 (17.1) | |
| Native Hawaiian | 17 (6.3) | 33 (6.1) | |
| Japanese American | 72 (26.6) | 142 (26.4) | |
| Latino | 62 (22.9) | 123 (22.9) | |
| White | 74 (27.3) | 148 (27.5) | |
| Years of education, mean (SD) | 13.7 (3.0) | 13.7 (3.2) | .88 |
| Mean BMI, kg/m2 (SD) | 26.9 (5.3) | 26.4 (4.3) | .16 |
| Pack-years of cigarette smoking, mean (SD) | 10.5 (15.1) | 9.8 (15.2) | .54 |
| Mean physical activity, h/d (SD) | 1.2 (1.2) | 1.3 (1.4) | .29 |
| Mean alcohol intake, g/d (SD) | 9.7 (24.4) | 11.2 (28.4) | .43 |
| Positive history of blood transfusion, n (%) | 23 (8.5) | 53 (9.9) | .53 |
| NHL subtype, n (%) | |||
| DLBCL | 78 (28.8) | ||
| Follicular lymphoma | 49 (18.1) | ||
| T-cell lymphomas | 15 (5.5) | ||
| SLL/CLL | 51 (18.8) | ||
| Other types | 78 (28.8) | ||
| Total carotenoids, ng/mL‡ | 1184 (862-1659) | 1326 (965-1769) | .02 |
| α-carotene, ng/mL | 48 (29-81) | 54 (32-83) | .20 |
| β-carotene, ng/mL | 224 (118-440) | 264 (147-430) | .08 |
| Lycopene, ng/mL | 370 (275-521) | 439 (320-583) | < .01 |
| Dihydrolycopene, ng/mL | 93 (67-127) | 107 (79-138) | < .01 |
| trans-lutein, ng/mL | 96 (73-129) | 104 (78-138) | .09 |
| α-cryptoxanthin, ng/mL | 30 (22-41) | 33 (26-43) | < .01 |
| β-cryptoxanthin, ng/mL | 156 (103-270) | 168 (106-295) | .45 |
| trans-zeaxanthin, ng/mL | 20 (16-26) | 20 (16-26) | .87 |
| Retinol, ng/mL | 648 (527-798) | 661 (562-780) | .19 |
DLBCL indicates diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; and SLL/CLL, small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic lymphoma.
P values obtained by χ2 test for categorical variables; t tests were performed for all continuous variables except for the non-normally distributed carotenoids, for which a nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used.
Matching variable; cases and controls were matched on sex, birth year (± 1 year), location (Hawaii or California), ethnicity, date of blood draw (± 1 year), time of blood draw (± 2 hours), and hours fasting before blood draw (< 6, 6 to < 8, 8 to < 10, ≥ 10).
Medians and 25th-75th percentiles are presented for carotenoids and retinol.