Bivariate correlations between fetal hemoglobin level and study parameters
| Parameter . | Value . | P . |
|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | rs −0.164 | .199 |
| Sex | ||
| Male (n = 30) | 37 (54) | .625 |
| Female (n = 33) | 42.3 (62.4) | |
| Splenectomy | ||
| No (n = 26) | 18.5 (51) | .007 |
| Yes (n = 37) | 47.3 (51.4) | |
| Total hemoglobin level (g/L) | rs 0.595 | < .001 |
| NRBC count (× 106/L) | rs −0.073 | .567 |
| GDF-15 level (pg/mL) | rs −0.522 | < .001 |
| Serum ferritin level (μg/L) | rs −0.092 | .471 |
| NTBI level (μmol/L) | rs −0.444 | < .001 |
| Morbidities | ||
| Extramedullary hematopoiesis | ||
| No (n = 50) | 50.2 (59.8) | .003 |
| Yes (n = 13) | 18.8 (31.1) | |
| Pulmonary hypertension | ||
| No (n = 44) | 58.8 (56.6) | < .001 |
| Yes (n = 19) | 8.7 (25.9) | |
| Venous thromboembolism | ||
| No (n = 51) | 47.3 (57.1) | .003 |
| Yes (n = 12) | 18.1 (17.8) | |
| Heart failure | ||
| No (n = 57) | 43.3 (56.2) | .002 |
| Yes (n = 6) | 4.4 (8.5) | |
| Leg ulcers | ||
| No (n = 52) | 45.0 (57.4) | .002 |
| Yes (n = 11) | 10.5 (24.9) | |
| Abnormal liver function | ||
| No (n = 49) | 55.5 (55.2) | < .001 |
| Yes (n = 14) | 13.9 (20.1) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||
| No (n = 60) | 40.6 (60.4) | .309 |
| Yes (n = 3) | 22.8 (0.5) | |
| Hypothyroidism | ||
| No (n = 53) | 47.3 (56.3) | < .001 |
| Yes (n = 10) | 5.5 (15.0) | |
| Hypogonadism | ||
| No (n = 53)* | 49.3 (49.7) | < .001 |
| Yes (n = 8) | 8.1 (8.6) | |
| Osteoporosis | ||
| No (n = 49) | 55.5 (57.0) | < .001 |
| Yes (n = 14) | 9.6 (18.5) |
| Parameter . | Value . | P . |
|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | rs −0.164 | .199 |
| Sex | ||
| Male (n = 30) | 37 (54) | .625 |
| Female (n = 33) | 42.3 (62.4) | |
| Splenectomy | ||
| No (n = 26) | 18.5 (51) | .007 |
| Yes (n = 37) | 47.3 (51.4) | |
| Total hemoglobin level (g/L) | rs 0.595 | < .001 |
| NRBC count (× 106/L) | rs −0.073 | .567 |
| GDF-15 level (pg/mL) | rs −0.522 | < .001 |
| Serum ferritin level (μg/L) | rs −0.092 | .471 |
| NTBI level (μmol/L) | rs −0.444 | < .001 |
| Morbidities | ||
| Extramedullary hematopoiesis | ||
| No (n = 50) | 50.2 (59.8) | .003 |
| Yes (n = 13) | 18.8 (31.1) | |
| Pulmonary hypertension | ||
| No (n = 44) | 58.8 (56.6) | < .001 |
| Yes (n = 19) | 8.7 (25.9) | |
| Venous thromboembolism | ||
| No (n = 51) | 47.3 (57.1) | .003 |
| Yes (n = 12) | 18.1 (17.8) | |
| Heart failure | ||
| No (n = 57) | 43.3 (56.2) | .002 |
| Yes (n = 6) | 4.4 (8.5) | |
| Leg ulcers | ||
| No (n = 52) | 45.0 (57.4) | .002 |
| Yes (n = 11) | 10.5 (24.9) | |
| Abnormal liver function | ||
| No (n = 49) | 55.5 (55.2) | < .001 |
| Yes (n = 14) | 13.9 (20.1) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||
| No (n = 60) | 40.6 (60.4) | .309 |
| Yes (n = 3) | 22.8 (0.5) | |
| Hypothyroidism | ||
| No (n = 53) | 47.3 (56.3) | < .001 |
| Yes (n = 10) | 5.5 (15.0) | |
| Hypogonadism | ||
| No (n = 53)* | 49.3 (49.7) | < .001 |
| Yes (n = 8) | 8.1 (8.6) | |
| Osteoporosis | ||
| No (n = 49) | 55.5 (57.0) | < .001 |
| Yes (n = 14) | 9.6 (18.5) |
Data are presented as median fetal hemoglobin in % (interquartile range) unless otherwise indicated.
NRBC indicates nucleated red blood cell; GDF, growth differentiation factor; NTBI, non–transferrin-bound iron; and rs, Spearman correlation coefficient.
Two patients were younger than the age-appropriate criteria to define hypogonadism.