Poor prognostic factors in CLL
Advanced stage at diagnosis |
Advanced age |
Male sex |
Diffuse pattern of bone marrow infiltration |
Short lymphocyte doubling time |
High expression of Ki67, p27 |
High serum levels of β2-microglobulin, thymidine kinase, soluble CD23, and TNFα |
Poor-risk cytogenetics: 17p, 11q deletions, and complex cytogenetic abnormalities |
IgVH unmutated mutational status |
High level of CD38 expression |
High level of ZAP70 expression |
High level of expression of lipoprotein lipase |
Altered microRNA expression |
Poor response to therapy or short duration of response |
Advanced stage at diagnosis |
Advanced age |
Male sex |
Diffuse pattern of bone marrow infiltration |
Short lymphocyte doubling time |
High expression of Ki67, p27 |
High serum levels of β2-microglobulin, thymidine kinase, soluble CD23, and TNFα |
Poor-risk cytogenetics: 17p, 11q deletions, and complex cytogenetic abnormalities |
IgVH unmutated mutational status |
High level of CD38 expression |
High level of ZAP70 expression |
High level of expression of lipoprotein lipase |
Altered microRNA expression |
Poor response to therapy or short duration of response |
TNFα indicates tumor necrosis factor α.