Clinical disease features with a significant impact on PFS and/or OS by univariate analysis, plus independent prognostic impact for PFS and/or OS by multivariate analysis
| Prognostic factor . | Univariate analysis . | Multivariate analysis . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PFS . | OS . | PFS . | OS . | |||
| Median, mo . | P . | Median, mo . | P . | P . | P . | |
| Age, y | ||||||
| 60 or younger | 48 | NR | ||||
| Older than 60 | 44 | >.1 | 73 | .02 | – | .04 |
| ISS disease stage | ||||||
| I | 54 | NR | ||||
| II | 45 | 98 | ||||
| III | 36 | >.1 | 55 | .005 | – | >.1 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | ||||||
| More than 100 | 53 | NR | ||||
| 100 or less | 39 | .08 | 73 | <.001 | – | >.1 |
| Serum albumin, g/L | ||||||
| More than 35 | 51 | NR | ||||
| 35 or less | 38 | .04 | 72 | .002 | >.1 | >.1 |
| Serum creatinine, mmol/L | ||||||
| 176.8 or less (2 mg/dL) | 49 | 98 | ||||
| More than 176.8 (2 mg/dL) | 36 | .02 | 54 | .005 | >.1 | >.1 |
| Serum β2-microglobulin, nmol/L | ||||||
| 29 or less (3.5 mg/L) | 54 | NR | ||||
| More than 29 (3.5 mg/L) | 41 | .07 | 71 | <.001 | – | >.1 |
| % plasma cells in S-phase | ||||||
| 1.5 or less | 54 | 98 | ||||
| More than 1.5 | 37 | .004 | 82 | >.1 | >.1 | – |
| Interphase FISH cytogenetics | ||||||
| Standard-risk | 44 | NR | ||||
| High-risk* | 28 | .035 | 54 | .09 | .006 | – |
| MRD status by immunofixation | ||||||
| Negative | 55 | NR | ||||
| Positive | 40 | <.001 | 89 | .015 | >.1 | >.1 |
| MRD status by MFC | ||||||
| CR | 71 | NR | ||||
| No CR | 37 | <.001 | 89 | .002 | .002 | .02 |
| Prognostic factor . | Univariate analysis . | Multivariate analysis . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PFS . | OS . | PFS . | OS . | |||
| Median, mo . | P . | Median, mo . | P . | P . | P . | |
| Age, y | ||||||
| 60 or younger | 48 | NR | ||||
| Older than 60 | 44 | >.1 | 73 | .02 | – | .04 |
| ISS disease stage | ||||||
| I | 54 | NR | ||||
| II | 45 | 98 | ||||
| III | 36 | >.1 | 55 | .005 | – | >.1 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | ||||||
| More than 100 | 53 | NR | ||||
| 100 or less | 39 | .08 | 73 | <.001 | – | >.1 |
| Serum albumin, g/L | ||||||
| More than 35 | 51 | NR | ||||
| 35 or less | 38 | .04 | 72 | .002 | >.1 | >.1 |
| Serum creatinine, mmol/L | ||||||
| 176.8 or less (2 mg/dL) | 49 | 98 | ||||
| More than 176.8 (2 mg/dL) | 36 | .02 | 54 | .005 | >.1 | >.1 |
| Serum β2-microglobulin, nmol/L | ||||||
| 29 or less (3.5 mg/L) | 54 | NR | ||||
| More than 29 (3.5 mg/L) | 41 | .07 | 71 | <.001 | – | >.1 |
| % plasma cells in S-phase | ||||||
| 1.5 or less | 54 | 98 | ||||
| More than 1.5 | 37 | .004 | 82 | >.1 | >.1 | – |
| Interphase FISH cytogenetics | ||||||
| Standard-risk | 44 | NR | ||||
| High-risk* | 28 | .035 | 54 | .09 | .006 | – |
| MRD status by immunofixation | ||||||
| Negative | 55 | NR | ||||
| Positive | 40 | <.001 | 89 | .015 | >.1 | >.1 |
| MRD status by MFC | ||||||
| CR | 71 | NR | ||||
| No CR | 37 | <.001 | 89 | .002 | .002 | .02 |
C-reactive protein level, serum calcium level, and % of bone marrow plasma cells (≥20%) by morphology had no significant impact on PFS and OS.
ISS indicates International Staging System; FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization; MRD, minimal residual disease; MFC, multiparameter flow cytometry; and CR, complete response.
High-risk cytogenetics includes any t(4;14), t(14;16), and del(17p); standard-risk cytogenetics includes all other cases.