Association of WHO-defined anemia with mortality in participants with or without certain diseases stratified by race
| . | No. of participants . | No. of deaths . | Mortality rate per 1000 person-years . | Age- and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All participants | ||||
| Blacks | ||||
| Nonanemic | 786 | 172 | 45.4 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 232 | 63 | 58.9 | 1.28 (0.95-1.70) |
| Whites | ||||
| Nonanemic | 1416 | 212 | 29.9 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 167 | 55 | 71.0 | 2.19 (1.62-2.95) |
| Diabetes | ||||
| Blacks | ||||
| Nonanemic | 194 | 48 | 52.2 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 72 | 28 | 88.2 | 1.79 (1.12-2.88) |
| Whites | ||||
| Nonanemic | 203 | 38 | 37.4 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 33 | 13 | 94.9 | 2.72 (1.41-5.27) |
| eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2* | ||||
| Blacks | ||||
| Nonanemic | 85 | 26 | 65.2 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 63 | 31 | 119.6 | 1.81 (1.06-3.10) |
| Whites | ||||
| Nonanemic | 325 | 54 | 33.6 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 55 | 25 | 105.4 | 3.00 (1.85-4.87) |
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||
| Blacks | ||||
| Nonanemic | 185 | 56 | 64.9 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 77 | 28 | 80.6 | 1.13 (0.71-1.80) |
| Whites | ||||
| Nonanemic | 382 | 74 | 39.5 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 63 | 24 | 86.2 | 2.07 (1.29-3.30) |
| No major diseases† | ||||
| Blacks | ||||
| Nonanemic | 324 | 50 | 31.2 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 71 | 9 | 25.7 | 0.87 (0.43-1.77) |
| Whites | ||||
| Nonanemic | 501 | 60 | 23.5 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 36 | 9 | 51.1 | 2.07 (1.01-4.22) |
| . | No. of participants . | No. of deaths . | Mortality rate per 1000 person-years . | Age- and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All participants | ||||
| Blacks | ||||
| Nonanemic | 786 | 172 | 45.4 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 232 | 63 | 58.9 | 1.28 (0.95-1.70) |
| Whites | ||||
| Nonanemic | 1416 | 212 | 29.9 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 167 | 55 | 71.0 | 2.19 (1.62-2.95) |
| Diabetes | ||||
| Blacks | ||||
| Nonanemic | 194 | 48 | 52.2 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 72 | 28 | 88.2 | 1.79 (1.12-2.88) |
| Whites | ||||
| Nonanemic | 203 | 38 | 37.4 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 33 | 13 | 94.9 | 2.72 (1.41-5.27) |
| eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2* | ||||
| Blacks | ||||
| Nonanemic | 85 | 26 | 65.2 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 63 | 31 | 119.6 | 1.81 (1.06-3.10) |
| Whites | ||||
| Nonanemic | 325 | 54 | 33.6 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 55 | 25 | 105.4 | 3.00 (1.85-4.87) |
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||
| Blacks | ||||
| Nonanemic | 185 | 56 | 64.9 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 77 | 28 | 80.6 | 1.13 (0.71-1.80) |
| Whites | ||||
| Nonanemic | 382 | 74 | 39.5 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 63 | 24 | 86.2 | 2.07 (1.29-3.30) |
| No major diseases† | ||||
| Blacks | ||||
| Nonanemic | 324 | 50 | 31.2 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 71 | 9 | 25.7 | 0.87 (0.43-1.77) |
| Whites | ||||
| Nonanemic | 501 | 60 | 23.5 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 36 | 9 | 51.1 | 2.07 (1.01-4.22) |
*Estimated using the abbreviated MDRD equation.22
†Participants did not have cancer, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, pulmonary disease, or renal impairment.