Clinical conditions most frequently associated with DIC
| Condition . | Examples . | Impact of precipitating condition . |
|---|---|---|
| Severe infectious diseases | Gram-positive or -negative organisms, malaria, hemorrhagic fevers | Thrombosis may contribute to organ failure (eg acute kidney failure)14,18 |
| Malignancy | Solid tumors (eg, adenocarcinomas) | Primarily thrombotic consequences/VTE23 |
| Acute promyelocytic leukemia or monocytic leukemia | Severe thrombocytopenia and factor deficiency may lead to bleeding21 | |
| Trauma | Multitrauma | Primary feature is acute bleeding, followed by thrombosis24,26 |
| Brain injury | ||
| Burns | ||
| Obstetrical complications | Abruptio placentae | Profuse bleeding in combination with thrombotic complications27,28 |
| Amniotic fluid embolism | ||
| Vascular malformations | Kasabach-Merrit syndrome | Bleeding primarily with severe thrombocytopenia and hypofibrinogenaemia3 |
| Giant hemangiomas | ||
| Other vascular malformations | ||
| Large aortic aneurysms | ||
| Severe immunologic reactions | Transfusion reaction | |
| Heat stroke | Thrombotic features more common than bleeding | |
| Post–cardiopulmonary resuscitation | Thrombosis is a greater risk than bleeding |
| Condition . | Examples . | Impact of precipitating condition . |
|---|---|---|
| Severe infectious diseases | Gram-positive or -negative organisms, malaria, hemorrhagic fevers | Thrombosis may contribute to organ failure (eg acute kidney failure)14,18 |
| Malignancy | Solid tumors (eg, adenocarcinomas) | Primarily thrombotic consequences/VTE23 |
| Acute promyelocytic leukemia or monocytic leukemia | Severe thrombocytopenia and factor deficiency may lead to bleeding21 | |
| Trauma | Multitrauma | Primary feature is acute bleeding, followed by thrombosis24,26 |
| Brain injury | ||
| Burns | ||
| Obstetrical complications | Abruptio placentae | Profuse bleeding in combination with thrombotic complications27,28 |
| Amniotic fluid embolism | ||
| Vascular malformations | Kasabach-Merrit syndrome | Bleeding primarily with severe thrombocytopenia and hypofibrinogenaemia3 |
| Giant hemangiomas | ||
| Other vascular malformations | ||
| Large aortic aneurysms | ||
| Severe immunologic reactions | Transfusion reaction | |
| Heat stroke | Thrombotic features more common than bleeding | |
| Post–cardiopulmonary resuscitation | Thrombosis is a greater risk than bleeding |
VTE, venous thromboembolism.