Expression of cell-surface and cytoplasmic markers for the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia and mixed phenotype acute leukemia
| Expression of markers for diagnoses . | . |
|---|---|
| Diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML)* | |
| Precursor stage | CD34, CD38, CD117, CD133, HLA-DR |
| Granulocytic markers | CD13, CD15, CD16, CD33, CD65, cytoplasmic myeloperoxidase (cMPO) |
| Monocytic markers | Nonspecific esterase (NSE), CD11c, CD14, CD64, lysozyme, CD4, CD11b, CD36, NG2 homologue‡ |
| Megakaryocytic markers | CD41 (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa), CD61 (glycoprotein IIIa), CD42 (glycoprotein 1b) |
| Erythroid marker | CD235a (glycophorin A) |
| Diagnosis of mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL)† | |
| Myeloid lineage | MPO or evidence of monocytic differentiation (at least 2 of the following: NSE, CD11c, CD14, CD64, lysozyme) |
| B-lineage | CD19 (strong) with at least one of the following: CD79a, cCD22, CD10, or CD19 (weak) with at least 2 of the following: CD79a, cCD22, CD10 |
| T-lineage | cCD3, or surface CD3 |
| Expression of markers for diagnoses . | . |
|---|---|
| Diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML)* | |
| Precursor stage | CD34, CD38, CD117, CD133, HLA-DR |
| Granulocytic markers | CD13, CD15, CD16, CD33, CD65, cytoplasmic myeloperoxidase (cMPO) |
| Monocytic markers | Nonspecific esterase (NSE), CD11c, CD14, CD64, lysozyme, CD4, CD11b, CD36, NG2 homologue‡ |
| Megakaryocytic markers | CD41 (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa), CD61 (glycoprotein IIIa), CD42 (glycoprotein 1b) |
| Erythroid marker | CD235a (glycophorin A) |
| Diagnosis of mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL)† | |
| Myeloid lineage | MPO or evidence of monocytic differentiation (at least 2 of the following: NSE, CD11c, CD14, CD64, lysozyme) |
| B-lineage | CD19 (strong) with at least one of the following: CD79a, cCD22, CD10, or CD19 (weak) with at least 2 of the following: CD79a, cCD22, CD10 |
| T-lineage | cCD3, or surface CD3 |
For the diagnosis of AML, the table provides a list of selected markers rather than a mandatory marker panel.
Requirements for assigning more than one lineage to a single blast population adopted from the WHO classification.3 Note that the requirement for assigning myeloid lineage in MPAL is more stringent than for establishing a diagnosis of AML. Note also that MPAL can be diagnosed if there are separate populations of lymphoid and myeloid blasts.
Most cases with 11q23 abnormalities express the NG2 homologue (encoded by CSPG4) reacting with the monoclonal antibody 7.1.