Major human mast cell–derived mediators
| Class . | Mediators . | Physiological effects . |
|---|---|---|
| Preformed mediators | Histamine, serotonin, heparin, neutral proteases (tryptase and chymase, carboxypeptidase, cathepsin G), major basic protein, acid hydrolases, peroxidase, phospholipases | Vasodilation, vasoconstriction, angiogenesis, mitogenesis, pain, protein processing/degradation, lipid/proteoglycan hydrolysis, arachidonic acid generation, tissue damage and repair, inflammation |
| Lipid mediators | LTB4, LTC4, PGE2, PGD2, PAF | Leukocyte chemotaxis, vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction, platelet activation, vasodilation |
| Cytokines | TNF-α, TGF-β, IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, IL-16, IL-18 | Inflammation, leukocyte migration/proliferation |
| Chemokines | IL-8 (CXCL8), I-309 (CCL1), MCP-1 (CCL2), MIP-1αS (CCL3), MIP1β (CCL4), MCP-3 (CCL7), RANTES (CCL5), eotaxin (CCL11), MCAF (MCP-1) | Chemoattraction and tissue infiltration of leukocytes |
| Growth factors | SCF, M-CSF, GM-CSF, bFGF, VEGF, NGF, PDGF | Growth of various cell types, vasodilation, neovascularization, angiogenesis |
| Class . | Mediators . | Physiological effects . |
|---|---|---|
| Preformed mediators | Histamine, serotonin, heparin, neutral proteases (tryptase and chymase, carboxypeptidase, cathepsin G), major basic protein, acid hydrolases, peroxidase, phospholipases | Vasodilation, vasoconstriction, angiogenesis, mitogenesis, pain, protein processing/degradation, lipid/proteoglycan hydrolysis, arachidonic acid generation, tissue damage and repair, inflammation |
| Lipid mediators | LTB4, LTC4, PGE2, PGD2, PAF | Leukocyte chemotaxis, vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction, platelet activation, vasodilation |
| Cytokines | TNF-α, TGF-β, IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, IL-16, IL-18 | Inflammation, leukocyte migration/proliferation |
| Chemokines | IL-8 (CXCL8), I-309 (CCL1), MCP-1 (CCL2), MIP-1αS (CCL3), MIP1β (CCL4), MCP-3 (CCL7), RANTES (CCL5), eotaxin (CCL11), MCAF (MCP-1) | Chemoattraction and tissue infiltration of leukocytes |
| Growth factors | SCF, M-CSF, GM-CSF, bFGF, VEGF, NGF, PDGF | Growth of various cell types, vasodilation, neovascularization, angiogenesis |
The mediators in the table are examples only. In addition, many mediators are identified in human mast cell lines or primary cultures of human mast cells and may not be produced in vivo.