One-Year Incidence of Anemia in HIV-Infected Persons by CD4 Count
| Variable . | CD4 Count <200 Cells/μL . | CD4 Count ≥200 Cells/μL . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Persons at Risk . | Drug-Related Anemia N (%) . | Non–Drug-Related Anemia N (%) . | Persons at Risk . | Drug-Related Anemia N (%) . | Non–Drug-Related Anemia N (%) . | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 5,339 | 380 (7.1) | 1,261 (23.6) | 5,915 | 74 (1.3) | 148 (2.5) |
| Female | 630 | 31 (4.9) | 215 (34.1) | 1,431 | 9 (<1.0) | 104 (7.3) |
| Age | ||||||
| <45 yrs | 5,213 | 350 (6.7) | 1,294 (24.8) | 6,614 | 71 (1.1) | 219 (3.3) |
| ≥45 yrs | 756 | 61 (8.1) | 182 (24.1) | 732 | 12 (1.6) | 33 (4.5) |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 2,724 | 212 (7.8) | 596 (21.9) | 3,688 | 51 (1.4) | 76 (2.1) |
| Black | 2,334 | 128 (5.5) | 709 (30.4) | 2,697 | 19 (<1.0) | 148 (5.5) |
| Hispanic | 834 | 66 (7.9) | 157 (18.8) | 835 | 12 (1.4) | 24 (2.9) |
| Other | 77 | 5 (6.5) | 14 (18.1) | 126 | 1 (<1.0) | 4 (3.2) |
| HIV exposure mode | ||||||
| Male-male sex | 3,654 | 280 (7.7) | 820 (22.4) | 4,002 | 56 (1.4) | 84 (2.1) |
| Injecting drug use* | 1,358 | 82 (6.0) | 380 (28.0) | 1,893 | 18 (1.0) | 93 (4.9) |
| Heterosexual sex | 377 | 19 (5.0) | 114 (30.2) | 733 | 6 (<1.0) | 37 (5.1) |
| Hemophilia/transfusion recipient | 134 | 5 (3.7) | 41 (30.6) | 126 | 1 (<1.0) | 7 (5.6) |
| No identified risk | 446 | 25 (5.6) | 121 (27.1) | 592 | 2 (<1.0) | 31 (5.2) |
| Stage of Disease† | ||||||
| No AIDS-OI‡ | 2,193 | 73 (3.3) | 218 (9.9) | 6,480 | 46 (<1.0) | 174 (2.7) |
| Any AIDS-OI | 3,776 | 338 (9.0) | 1,258 (33.3) | 866 | 37 (4.3) | 78 (9.0) |
| Concurrent illnesses | ||||||
| Bacterial septicemia | 173 | 24 (13.9) | 108 (62.4) | 24 | 1 (4.2) | 11 (45.8) |
| Neutropenia§ | 1,257 | 156 (12.4) | 436 (34.7) | 73 | 3 (4.1) | 12 (16.4) |
| Thrombocytopenia∥ | 283 | 63 (22.3) | 121 (42.8) | 126 | 5 (4.0) | 10 (7.9) |
| Lymphoma | 4 | 1 (25.0) | 3 (75.0) | 4 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (25.0) |
| Mycobacterium avium complex | 144 | 15 (10.4) | 54 (37.5) | 6 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Chemotherapeutic agents¶ | ||||||
| Zidovudine | 4,412 | 313 (7.1) | 954 (21.6) | 3,933 | 68 (1.7) | 130 (3.3) |
| Didanosine | 687 | 60 (8.7) | 188 (27.4) | 218 | 6 (2.8) | 7 (3.2) |
| Dideoxycytidine | 447 | 25 (5.6) | 118 (26.4) | 181 | 3 (1.7) | 7 (3.9) |
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | 3,148 | 176 (5.6) | 714 (22.7) | 1,291 | 17 (1.3) | 48 (3.7) |
| Ganciclovir | 219 | 30 (13.7) | 95 (43.4) | 9 | 2 (22.2) | 2 (22.2) |
| Fluconazole | 1,501 | 144 (9.6) | 482 (32.1) | 225 | 7 (3.1) | 12 (5.3) |
| Total | 5,969 | 411 (6.9) | 1,476 (24.7) | 7,346 | 83 (1.1) | 252 (3.4) |
| Variable . | CD4 Count <200 Cells/μL . | CD4 Count ≥200 Cells/μL . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Persons at Risk . | Drug-Related Anemia N (%) . | Non–Drug-Related Anemia N (%) . | Persons at Risk . | Drug-Related Anemia N (%) . | Non–Drug-Related Anemia N (%) . | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 5,339 | 380 (7.1) | 1,261 (23.6) | 5,915 | 74 (1.3) | 148 (2.5) |
| Female | 630 | 31 (4.9) | 215 (34.1) | 1,431 | 9 (<1.0) | 104 (7.3) |
| Age | ||||||
| <45 yrs | 5,213 | 350 (6.7) | 1,294 (24.8) | 6,614 | 71 (1.1) | 219 (3.3) |
| ≥45 yrs | 756 | 61 (8.1) | 182 (24.1) | 732 | 12 (1.6) | 33 (4.5) |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 2,724 | 212 (7.8) | 596 (21.9) | 3,688 | 51 (1.4) | 76 (2.1) |
| Black | 2,334 | 128 (5.5) | 709 (30.4) | 2,697 | 19 (<1.0) | 148 (5.5) |
| Hispanic | 834 | 66 (7.9) | 157 (18.8) | 835 | 12 (1.4) | 24 (2.9) |
| Other | 77 | 5 (6.5) | 14 (18.1) | 126 | 1 (<1.0) | 4 (3.2) |
| HIV exposure mode | ||||||
| Male-male sex | 3,654 | 280 (7.7) | 820 (22.4) | 4,002 | 56 (1.4) | 84 (2.1) |
| Injecting drug use* | 1,358 | 82 (6.0) | 380 (28.0) | 1,893 | 18 (1.0) | 93 (4.9) |
| Heterosexual sex | 377 | 19 (5.0) | 114 (30.2) | 733 | 6 (<1.0) | 37 (5.1) |
| Hemophilia/transfusion recipient | 134 | 5 (3.7) | 41 (30.6) | 126 | 1 (<1.0) | 7 (5.6) |
| No identified risk | 446 | 25 (5.6) | 121 (27.1) | 592 | 2 (<1.0) | 31 (5.2) |
| Stage of Disease† | ||||||
| No AIDS-OI‡ | 2,193 | 73 (3.3) | 218 (9.9) | 6,480 | 46 (<1.0) | 174 (2.7) |
| Any AIDS-OI | 3,776 | 338 (9.0) | 1,258 (33.3) | 866 | 37 (4.3) | 78 (9.0) |
| Concurrent illnesses | ||||||
| Bacterial septicemia | 173 | 24 (13.9) | 108 (62.4) | 24 | 1 (4.2) | 11 (45.8) |
| Neutropenia§ | 1,257 | 156 (12.4) | 436 (34.7) | 73 | 3 (4.1) | 12 (16.4) |
| Thrombocytopenia∥ | 283 | 63 (22.3) | 121 (42.8) | 126 | 5 (4.0) | 10 (7.9) |
| Lymphoma | 4 | 1 (25.0) | 3 (75.0) | 4 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (25.0) |
| Mycobacterium avium complex | 144 | 15 (10.4) | 54 (37.5) | 6 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Chemotherapeutic agents¶ | ||||||
| Zidovudine | 4,412 | 313 (7.1) | 954 (21.6) | 3,933 | 68 (1.7) | 130 (3.3) |
| Didanosine | 687 | 60 (8.7) | 188 (27.4) | 218 | 6 (2.8) | 7 (3.2) |
| Dideoxycytidine | 447 | 25 (5.6) | 118 (26.4) | 181 | 3 (1.7) | 7 (3.9) |
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | 3,148 | 176 (5.6) | 714 (22.7) | 1,291 | 17 (1.3) | 48 (3.7) |
| Ganciclovir | 219 | 30 (13.7) | 95 (43.4) | 9 | 2 (22.2) | 2 (22.2) |
| Fluconazole | 1,501 | 144 (9.6) | 482 (32.1) | 225 | 7 (3.1) | 12 (5.3) |
| Total | 5,969 | 411 (6.9) | 1,476 (24.7) | 7,346 | 83 (1.1) | 252 (3.4) |
One-year incidence of anemia is defined as a hemoglobin concentration <10 g/dL or discharge diagnosis of anemia during semesters two and three of follow-up.
Heterosexuals and men who have sex with men.
At any time during the semester during which anemia occurred.
AIDS-defining opportunistic illness.
White blood cell count less than 2,500/μL.
∥Platelet count <50,000/μL or physician diagnosis of thrombocytopenia recorded in medical records.
¶Prescribed in the semester before anemia occurred.