Table 1.

Tissue/Cell Types Expressing IL-11

TissueCell Type/Cell LinesInducers
CNS Hippocampal neurons (H19-7)10  IL-1α 
 Spinal motor and sympathetic neurons10  
 Astrocytic glioblastoma (U373, U87)163  IL-1β, PMA, calcium inophore 
Thymus Myeloid? (T2)2  LPS 
Lung Fibroblast (MRC5, CCL202)16  IL-1α, TGF-β1-2, PMA, RSV, Ca++/calmodulin 
 Epithelial (9HTE, A549)15 17  Rhinovirus, parainfluenza type 3, histamine (H1
 Muscle cells IL-1α, TGF-β1 
Bone Fibroblast (P-34, KM102)5-7 71  IL-1α, PMA, PKC 
 Osteosarcoma cell lines13 32  IL-1α, TGF-β1, PTH, PTHrP, cAMP, PKC 
 Osteoblast86  IL-1α, TGF-β1, TNF-α, PGE2, PTH, 1α, 25(OH)2D3 
Connective tissues Chondrocyte, synoviocyte14  IL-1β, TGF-β1, PMA, PKC 
 Vein endothelial cells32  IL-1α, TGF-β1,2, PMA 
Uterus Fibroblast IL-1α, PTHrP 
 Trophoblast (TPA30-1)5  IL-1α, PMA 
 Endometriotic & endometrial tissues164 165  
Skin Keratinocyte166  
 Melanoma cell lines167  
 Sarcoidosis (multinucleated giant cells)166  
Testis Round spermatids10  
TissueCell Type/Cell LinesInducers
CNS Hippocampal neurons (H19-7)10  IL-1α 
 Spinal motor and sympathetic neurons10  
 Astrocytic glioblastoma (U373, U87)163  IL-1β, PMA, calcium inophore 
Thymus Myeloid? (T2)2  LPS 
Lung Fibroblast (MRC5, CCL202)16  IL-1α, TGF-β1-2, PMA, RSV, Ca++/calmodulin 
 Epithelial (9HTE, A549)15 17  Rhinovirus, parainfluenza type 3, histamine (H1
 Muscle cells IL-1α, TGF-β1 
Bone Fibroblast (P-34, KM102)5-7 71  IL-1α, PMA, PKC 
 Osteosarcoma cell lines13 32  IL-1α, TGF-β1, PTH, PTHrP, cAMP, PKC 
 Osteoblast86  IL-1α, TGF-β1, TNF-α, PGE2, PTH, 1α, 25(OH)2D3 
Connective tissues Chondrocyte, synoviocyte14  IL-1β, TGF-β1, PMA, PKC 
 Vein endothelial cells32  IL-1α, TGF-β1,2, PMA 
Uterus Fibroblast IL-1α, PTHrP 
 Trophoblast (TPA30-1)5  IL-1α, PMA 
 Endometriotic & endometrial tissues164 165  
Skin Keratinocyte166  
 Melanoma cell lines167  
 Sarcoidosis (multinucleated giant cells)166  
Testis Round spermatids10  
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