Clinical, echocardiographic, and CMR characteristics of study participants based on diastolic function
| Characteristic . | Group 1 (N = 7) . | Group 2 (N = 10) . | Group 3 (N = 7) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 21 ± 11 | 17 ± 6 | 30 ± 18 | .39 |
| Female, n (%) | 2 (29) | 7 (70) | 5 (71) | .29 |
| Receiving hydroxyurea, n (%) | 4 (57) | 9 (90) | 5 (71) | .99 |
| TRV, m/s | 2.3 ± 0.3 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 2.5 ± 0.4 | .69 |
| E/A ratio | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | .84 |
| Lateral e′, cm/s | 16.7 ± 4 | 16.6 ± 2.7 | 10.3 ± 2.8 | .003 |
| Lateral E/e′ ratio | 6.5 ± 1.8 | 6.7 ± 1.6 | 9.9 ± 1.6 | .01 |
| Septal e′, cm/s | 11.7 ± 2.5 | 11.6 ± 1.3 | 9.7 ± 2.7 | .11 |
| Septal E/e′ ratio | 8.7 ± 0.9 | 9.4 ± 1.5 | 10.6 ± 1.3 | .04 |
| Tricuspid E/A ratio | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | .21 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 10.9 ± 1.4 | 9.8 ± 1.3 | 8.4 ± 0.3 | .004 |
| Reticulocyte count, % | 6.0 ± 2.8 | 6.8 ± 3.1 | 12.5 ± 7.4 | .04 |
| Bilirubin, mg/dL | 2.6 ± 1.3 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 3.3 ± 2.2 | .65 |
| AST, U/L | 57 ± 30 | 44 ± 33 | 48 ± 20 | .84 |
| LDH, U/L | 651 ± 292 | 521 ± 314 | 548 ± 169 | .77 |
| Plasma free hemoglobin, mg/dL | 135 ± 173 | 64 ± 49 | 38 ± 45 | .34 |
| Fetal hemoglobin, % | 23 ± 18 | 18 ± 11 | 12 ± 8 | .27 |
| Mean corpuscular volume, fL | 93 ± 23 | 96 ± 18 | 89 ± 16 | .90 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | .86 |
| GFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 154 ± 35 | 143 ± 29 | 120 ± 51 | .24 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 33 ± 33 | 146 ± 180 | 191 ± 261 | .04 |
| Native T1, ms | 963 ± 75 | 1021 ± 41 | 1034 ± 79 | .10 |
| ECV | 0.37 ± 0.04 | 0.45 ± 0.07 | 0.49 ± 0.07 | .01 |
| LAVi, mL/m2 | 50 ± 11 | 66 ± 15 | 64 ± 12 | .01 |
| LVEDVi, mL/m2 | 92 ± 20 | 111 ± 20 | 125 ± 18 | .01 |
| LVESVi, mL/m2 | 35 ± 9 | 42 ± 11 | 49 ± 10 | .06 |
| LVSVi, mL/m2 | 57 ± 12 | 67 ± 15 | 76 ± 10 | .03 |
| LVEF, % | 62 ± 3.6 | 62 ± 5 | 61 ± 4 | .86 |
| LVMi, g/m2 | 60 ± 17 | 63 ± 11.5 | 72 ± 23 | .37 |
| RVEDVi, mL/m2 | 97 ± 22.5 | 116 ± 29 | 121 ± 18.5 | .18 |
| RVESVi, mL/m2 | 39 ± 11.8 | 51 ± 17 | 47 ± 11 | .57 |
| RVSVi, mL/m2 | 58 ± 12 | 66 ± 13 | 74 ± 12 | .06 |
| RVEF, % | 60 ± 4.8 | 57 ± 4.6 | 61 ± 5.8 | .87 |
| LV cardiac index, L/min per m2 | 4.7 ± 1.2 | 4.9 ± 1.4 | 5.5 ± 1.3 | .50 |
| RV cardiac index, L/min per m2 | 4.8 ± 1.2 | 4.3 ± 2 | 5.3 ± 1.2 | .78 |
| Characteristic . | Group 1 (N = 7) . | Group 2 (N = 10) . | Group 3 (N = 7) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 21 ± 11 | 17 ± 6 | 30 ± 18 | .39 |
| Female, n (%) | 2 (29) | 7 (70) | 5 (71) | .29 |
| Receiving hydroxyurea, n (%) | 4 (57) | 9 (90) | 5 (71) | .99 |
| TRV, m/s | 2.3 ± 0.3 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 2.5 ± 0.4 | .69 |
| E/A ratio | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | .84 |
| Lateral e′, cm/s | 16.7 ± 4 | 16.6 ± 2.7 | 10.3 ± 2.8 | .003 |
| Lateral E/e′ ratio | 6.5 ± 1.8 | 6.7 ± 1.6 | 9.9 ± 1.6 | .01 |
| Septal e′, cm/s | 11.7 ± 2.5 | 11.6 ± 1.3 | 9.7 ± 2.7 | .11 |
| Septal E/e′ ratio | 8.7 ± 0.9 | 9.4 ± 1.5 | 10.6 ± 1.3 | .04 |
| Tricuspid E/A ratio | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | .21 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 10.9 ± 1.4 | 9.8 ± 1.3 | 8.4 ± 0.3 | .004 |
| Reticulocyte count, % | 6.0 ± 2.8 | 6.8 ± 3.1 | 12.5 ± 7.4 | .04 |
| Bilirubin, mg/dL | 2.6 ± 1.3 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 3.3 ± 2.2 | .65 |
| AST, U/L | 57 ± 30 | 44 ± 33 | 48 ± 20 | .84 |
| LDH, U/L | 651 ± 292 | 521 ± 314 | 548 ± 169 | .77 |
| Plasma free hemoglobin, mg/dL | 135 ± 173 | 64 ± 49 | 38 ± 45 | .34 |
| Fetal hemoglobin, % | 23 ± 18 | 18 ± 11 | 12 ± 8 | .27 |
| Mean corpuscular volume, fL | 93 ± 23 | 96 ± 18 | 89 ± 16 | .90 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | .86 |
| GFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 154 ± 35 | 143 ± 29 | 120 ± 51 | .24 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 33 ± 33 | 146 ± 180 | 191 ± 261 | .04 |
| Native T1, ms | 963 ± 75 | 1021 ± 41 | 1034 ± 79 | .10 |
| ECV | 0.37 ± 0.04 | 0.45 ± 0.07 | 0.49 ± 0.07 | .01 |
| LAVi, mL/m2 | 50 ± 11 | 66 ± 15 | 64 ± 12 | .01 |
| LVEDVi, mL/m2 | 92 ± 20 | 111 ± 20 | 125 ± 18 | .01 |
| LVESVi, mL/m2 | 35 ± 9 | 42 ± 11 | 49 ± 10 | .06 |
| LVSVi, mL/m2 | 57 ± 12 | 67 ± 15 | 76 ± 10 | .03 |
| LVEF, % | 62 ± 3.6 | 62 ± 5 | 61 ± 4 | .86 |
| LVMi, g/m2 | 60 ± 17 | 63 ± 11.5 | 72 ± 23 | .37 |
| RVEDVi, mL/m2 | 97 ± 22.5 | 116 ± 29 | 121 ± 18.5 | .18 |
| RVESVi, mL/m2 | 39 ± 11.8 | 51 ± 17 | 47 ± 11 | .57 |
| RVSVi, mL/m2 | 58 ± 12 | 66 ± 13 | 74 ± 12 | .06 |
| RVEF, % | 60 ± 4.8 | 57 ± 4.6 | 61 ± 5.8 | .87 |
| LV cardiac index, L/min per m2 | 4.7 ± 1.2 | 4.9 ± 1.4 | 5.5 ± 1.3 | .50 |
| RV cardiac index, L/min per m2 | 4.8 ± 1.2 | 4.3 ± 2 | 5.3 ± 1.2 | .78 |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated. P values were calculated using Tukey or Dunn’s multiple comparisons tests as indicated and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables comparing group 1 and group 3. Statistically significant measurements are shown in bold.
A, late diastolic velocity; E, early diastolic velocity; e′, early annular diastolic velocity; LVEDVi, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index; LVESVi, left ventricular end-systolic volume index; LVSVi, left ventricular stroke volume index; RVEDVi, right ventricular end-diastolic volume index; RVEF, right ventricular ejection fraction; RVESVi, right ventricular end-systolic volume index; RVSVi, right ventricular stroke volume index. Other abbreviations are defined in Table 1.