General characteristics and applied therapy
| Parameter . | All patients . | dFLC ≥50 mg/L . | dFLC<50 mg/L . | P† . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients, n | 783 | 677 | 106 | |
| General characteristics | ||||
| Sex, female | 312 (40) | 267 (39) | 45 (43) | .556 |
| Age at diagnosis, y | 62 (35-83) | 62 (35-83) | 62 (42-81) | .532 |
| Karnofsky index, % | 80 (40-100) | 80 (40-100) | 85 (40-100) | <.001 |
| Therapy | ||||
| None | 53 (7) | 43 (6) | 10 (9) | .001 |
| Bortezomib | 289 (37) | 262 (39) | 27 (26) | |
| Melphalan | 191 (24) | 167 (25) | 24 (23) | |
| HDM+ASCT | 149 (19) | 114 (17) | 35 (33) | |
| Other | 101 (13) | 91 (13) | 10 (9) | |
| Plasma cell–related factors | ||||
| dFLC, mg/L | 222 (1-12 078) | 273 (51-12 078) | 29 (1-49) | |
| dFLC >20 mg/L | 747 (95) | — | 70 (66) | — |
| Heavy chain in IFE | 328 (42) | 274 (41) | 54 (51) | .042 |
| Immunoglobulin m heavy chain, g/L | 10 (0.2-56.8) | 10.5 (0.2-56.8) | 7.8 (1.2-48.0) | .018 |
| M-protein spike, g/L | 8.6 (0.0-44.0) | 9.2 (0.0-44.0) | 6.6 (1.1-22.2) | .024 |
| Plasma cell count, % | 10 (1-90) | 10 (1-90) | 7 (1-80) | <.001 |
| iFLC = λ | 625 (80) | 534 (79) | 91 (86) | .096 |
| Organ involvement | ||||
| ANS | 83 (11) | 72 (11) | 11 (10) | .936 |
| GIT | 276 (35) | 249 (37) | 27 (26) | .023 |
| Heart | 586 (75) | 538 (80) | 48 (45) | <.001 |
| Kidney | 449 (57) | 361 (53) | 88 (83) | <.001 |
| Liver | 163 (21) | 143 (21) | 20 (19) | .595 |
| Lung | 16 (2) | 14 (2) | 2 (2) | .899 |
| PNS | 148 (19) | 130 (19) | 18 (17) | .587 |
| Soft tissue | 317 (41) | 290 (43) | 27 (26) | .001 |
| Organs, n | 3 (2-3) | 3 (2-3) | 2 (1-3) | .001 |
| Cardiac parameters | ||||
| NT-proBNP, ng/L | 3223 (22-565 442) | 3923 (22-565 442) | 395 (22-150 806) | <.001 |
| Mayo 2004 I | 125 (17) | 86 (14) | 39 (44) | <.001 |
| Mayo 2004 II | 257 (36) | 223 (36) | 34 (38) | |
| Mayo 2004 III | 335 (47) | 319 (51) | 16 (18) | |
| Renal parameters | ||||
| eGFR, mL/min | 65.0 (1.9-262.4) | 63.4 (1.9-262.4) | 71.6 (7.5-149.1) | .212 |
| eGFR <30 mL/min | 107 (14) | 94 (14) | 13 (12) | .605 |
| eGFR <15 mL/min | 32 (4) | 27 (4) | 5 (5) | .753 |
| Dialysis at diagnosis | 15 (2) | 14 (2) | 1 (1) | .432 |
| Albuminuria, mg/d | 1186 (1-17 160) | 537 (1-15 167) | 4751 (3-17 160) | <.001 |
| Proteinuria, g/d | 2.1 (0.0-22.3) | 1.5 (0.0-20.5) | 6.0 (0.0-22.3) | <.001 |
| Renal stage* | ||||
| I | 123 (29) | 104 (30) | 19 (22) | .291 |
| II | 215 (50) | 169 (49) | 46 (54) | |
| III | 90 (21) | 69 (20) | 21 (24) |
| Parameter . | All patients . | dFLC ≥50 mg/L . | dFLC<50 mg/L . | P† . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients, n | 783 | 677 | 106 | |
| General characteristics | ||||
| Sex, female | 312 (40) | 267 (39) | 45 (43) | .556 |
| Age at diagnosis, y | 62 (35-83) | 62 (35-83) | 62 (42-81) | .532 |
| Karnofsky index, % | 80 (40-100) | 80 (40-100) | 85 (40-100) | <.001 |
| Therapy | ||||
| None | 53 (7) | 43 (6) | 10 (9) | .001 |
| Bortezomib | 289 (37) | 262 (39) | 27 (26) | |
| Melphalan | 191 (24) | 167 (25) | 24 (23) | |
| HDM+ASCT | 149 (19) | 114 (17) | 35 (33) | |
| Other | 101 (13) | 91 (13) | 10 (9) | |
| Plasma cell–related factors | ||||
| dFLC, mg/L | 222 (1-12 078) | 273 (51-12 078) | 29 (1-49) | |
| dFLC >20 mg/L | 747 (95) | — | 70 (66) | — |
| Heavy chain in IFE | 328 (42) | 274 (41) | 54 (51) | .042 |
| Immunoglobulin m heavy chain, g/L | 10 (0.2-56.8) | 10.5 (0.2-56.8) | 7.8 (1.2-48.0) | .018 |
| M-protein spike, g/L | 8.6 (0.0-44.0) | 9.2 (0.0-44.0) | 6.6 (1.1-22.2) | .024 |
| Plasma cell count, % | 10 (1-90) | 10 (1-90) | 7 (1-80) | <.001 |
| iFLC = λ | 625 (80) | 534 (79) | 91 (86) | .096 |
| Organ involvement | ||||
| ANS | 83 (11) | 72 (11) | 11 (10) | .936 |
| GIT | 276 (35) | 249 (37) | 27 (26) | .023 |
| Heart | 586 (75) | 538 (80) | 48 (45) | <.001 |
| Kidney | 449 (57) | 361 (53) | 88 (83) | <.001 |
| Liver | 163 (21) | 143 (21) | 20 (19) | .595 |
| Lung | 16 (2) | 14 (2) | 2 (2) | .899 |
| PNS | 148 (19) | 130 (19) | 18 (17) | .587 |
| Soft tissue | 317 (41) | 290 (43) | 27 (26) | .001 |
| Organs, n | 3 (2-3) | 3 (2-3) | 2 (1-3) | .001 |
| Cardiac parameters | ||||
| NT-proBNP, ng/L | 3223 (22-565 442) | 3923 (22-565 442) | 395 (22-150 806) | <.001 |
| Mayo 2004 I | 125 (17) | 86 (14) | 39 (44) | <.001 |
| Mayo 2004 II | 257 (36) | 223 (36) | 34 (38) | |
| Mayo 2004 III | 335 (47) | 319 (51) | 16 (18) | |
| Renal parameters | ||||
| eGFR, mL/min | 65.0 (1.9-262.4) | 63.4 (1.9-262.4) | 71.6 (7.5-149.1) | .212 |
| eGFR <30 mL/min | 107 (14) | 94 (14) | 13 (12) | .605 |
| eGFR <15 mL/min | 32 (4) | 27 (4) | 5 (5) | .753 |
| Dialysis at diagnosis | 15 (2) | 14 (2) | 1 (1) | .432 |
| Albuminuria, mg/d | 1186 (1-17 160) | 537 (1-15 167) | 4751 (3-17 160) | <.001 |
| Proteinuria, g/d | 2.1 (0.0-22.3) | 1.5 (0.0-20.5) | 6.0 (0.0-22.3) | <.001 |
| Renal stage* | ||||
| I | 123 (29) | 104 (30) | 19 (22) | .291 |
| II | 215 (50) | 169 (49) | 46 (54) | |
| III | 90 (21) | 69 (20) | 21 (24) |
Categorical data are shown as counts (percentages of respective total); continuous data are shown as medians (ranges).
ANS, autonomic nervous system; Bortezomib, bortezomib-based regimens; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GIT, gastrointestinal tract; HDM+ASCT, HDM followed by autologous stem cell transplantation; Melphalan, melphalan-dexamethasone; Mayo 2004, score based on Dispenzieri et al18 ; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; PNS, peripheral nervous system; Renal stage, based on Palladini et al.19
Renal stage applied only to patients with kidney involvement.
P values in italics indicate statistical significance.