Table 2

Randomized trials with alternative design

ReferenceNo. of patients*Age (y)Reason for classification as group 2QoL†
Conventional chemotherapy     
 39 965 16-60 No observation-only arm No 
 43 598 ≤64 More consolidation vs less + maintenance No 
 26 325 Any No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 32 150 Any No observation-only arm No 
 58 208 ≤50 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 33 41 ≤65 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 59 NA ≤21 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 47 131 ≥16 No observation-only arm No 
 28 170 ≤65 Maintenance arm received no consolidation No 
 27 NA >16 Maintenance arm received no consolidation No 
 54 82 ≥51 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 44 47 50-70 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 35 248 NA No observation-only arm No 
 34 48 NA No observation-only arm No 
 51 275 Any More consolidation vs less + maintenance No 
Hypomethylating agents     
 46 214 ≥61 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 29 727 ≥60 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 60 176 NA No observation-only arm No 
 24 45 ≥18 No observation-only arm No 
Immunotherapy (alone or combined with chemotherapy)     
 37,38 214 <60 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 50§ 169 ≤60 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 41 289 ≤21 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 25 261 ≥18 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 31 362 >55 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 23 78 <50 Following auto-SCT No 
 45 91 ≥15 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 48 66 ≥15 No observation-only arm No 
 57 215 ≥15 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 40 35 ≤84 No observation-only arm No 
 49 97 >15 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 30 47 Any No observation-only arm No 
 56 15 18-65 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
Small molecules     
 42 144 Any No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 55 717 ≤60 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 52 267 ≤60 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 53 197 >60 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 36 111 ≥15 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
ReferenceNo. of patients*Age (y)Reason for classification as group 2QoL†
Conventional chemotherapy     
 39 965 16-60 No observation-only arm No 
 43 598 ≤64 More consolidation vs less + maintenance No 
 26 325 Any No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 32 150 Any No observation-only arm No 
 58 208 ≤50 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 33 41 ≤65 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 59 NA ≤21 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 47 131 ≥16 No observation-only arm No 
 28 170 ≤65 Maintenance arm received no consolidation No 
 27 NA >16 Maintenance arm received no consolidation No 
 54 82 ≥51 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 44 47 50-70 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 35 248 NA No observation-only arm No 
 34 48 NA No observation-only arm No 
 51 275 Any More consolidation vs less + maintenance No 
Hypomethylating agents     
 46 214 ≥61 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 29 727 ≥60 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 60 176 NA No observation-only arm No 
 24 45 ≥18 No observation-only arm No 
Immunotherapy (alone or combined with chemotherapy)     
 37,38 214 <60 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 50§ 169 ≤60 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 41 289 ≤21 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 25 261 ≥18 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 31 362 >55 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 23 78 <50 Following auto-SCT No 
 45 91 ≥15 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 48 66 ≥15 No observation-only arm No 
 57 215 ≥15 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 40 35 ≤84 No observation-only arm No 
 49 97 >15 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 30 47 Any No observation-only arm No 
 56 15 18-65 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
Small molecules     
 42 144 Any No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 55 717 ≤60 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 52 267 ≤60 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 53 197 >60 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
 36 111 ≥15 No strategy used to balance groups for previous therapies‡ No 
*

Randomly assigned between maintenance arms.

†

QoL was formally assessed.

‡

See text for details.

§

This study was terminated early.

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