Major abnormalities and arsenic retention of patients
| Abnormalities . | Patients, n (%) . | Healthy controls, n (%) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lower WBC count | 1 (0.9)* | 0 | 1.000 |
| Cardiovascular events | |||
| Elevated myocardial enzymes | 5 (4.5)† | 1 (0.9) | .212 |
| Long Q-T interval | 0 | 0 | NA |
| T wave change | 14 (12.5) | 15 (13.4) | .842 |
| Echocardiogram abnormality | 1 (0.9)‡ | 0 | 1.000 |
| Liver dysfunction | |||
| Liver dysfunction, grade 1¶ | 17 (15.2) | 2 (1.8) | <.001 |
| Hepatic steatosis | 48 (42.9) | 20 (17.9) | <.001 |
| Kidney and GI dysfunction | |||
| Elevated creatinine | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Albuminuria | 1 (0.9)‡ | 0 | 1.000 |
| Fecal occult blood test | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Diabetes | 6 (5.4) | 5 (4.5) | .757 |
| Neurological disorders | 1 (0.9)§ | 1 (0.9)‖ | 1.000 |
| Potential secondary tumor | |||
| Elevated serum tumor markers | 3** | NA | NA |
| Thoracic neoplasm on CXR | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Abdominal neoplasm on BUS | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Skin lesion | 8 (7.1)†† | 5 (4.5)‡‡ | .391 |
| Breast cancer | 1 (0.9) | 0 | 1.000 |
| Arsenic retention, mean ± SD | |||
| Plasma, ng/g | 6.43 ± 1.56 | 8.99 ± 1.14 | <.001 |
| Urine, ng/mL | 45.28 ± 33.28 | 57.55 ± 33.61 | .004 |
| Hair, ng/g¶¶ | 195.43 ± 202.25 | 198.23 ± 133.16 | .340 |
| Nails, ng/g¶¶ | 294.65 ± 158.94 | 338.80 ± 212.27 | .761 |
| Abnormalities . | Patients, n (%) . | Healthy controls, n (%) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lower WBC count | 1 (0.9)* | 0 | 1.000 |
| Cardiovascular events | |||
| Elevated myocardial enzymes | 5 (4.5)† | 1 (0.9) | .212 |
| Long Q-T interval | 0 | 0 | NA |
| T wave change | 14 (12.5) | 15 (13.4) | .842 |
| Echocardiogram abnormality | 1 (0.9)‡ | 0 | 1.000 |
| Liver dysfunction | |||
| Liver dysfunction, grade 1¶ | 17 (15.2) | 2 (1.8) | <.001 |
| Hepatic steatosis | 48 (42.9) | 20 (17.9) | <.001 |
| Kidney and GI dysfunction | |||
| Elevated creatinine | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Albuminuria | 1 (0.9)‡ | 0 | 1.000 |
| Fecal occult blood test | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Diabetes | 6 (5.4) | 5 (4.5) | .757 |
| Neurological disorders | 1 (0.9)§ | 1 (0.9)‖ | 1.000 |
| Potential secondary tumor | |||
| Elevated serum tumor markers | 3** | NA | NA |
| Thoracic neoplasm on CXR | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Abdominal neoplasm on BUS | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Skin lesion | 8 (7.1)†† | 5 (4.5)‡‡ | .391 |
| Breast cancer | 1 (0.9) | 0 | 1.000 |
| Arsenic retention, mean ± SD | |||
| Plasma, ng/g | 6.43 ± 1.56 | 8.99 ± 1.14 | <.001 |
| Urine, ng/mL | 45.28 ± 33.28 | 57.55 ± 33.61 | .004 |
| Hair, ng/g¶¶ | 195.43 ± 202.25 | 198.23 ± 133.16 | .340 |
| Nails, ng/g¶¶ | 294.65 ± 158.94 | 338.80 ± 212.27 | .761 |
BUS, B-ultrasound; CA125, serum carbohydrate antigen 125; CEA, carcino embryonic antigen; CXR, chest X-ray; GI, gastrointestinal; NA, not available; NSE, neuron specific enolase; SD, standard deviation; WBC, white blood cells.
One patient was later diagnosed as the third relapse of APL.
No acute myocardial infarction. 2 had histories of heart diseases before APL.
One patient had rheumatic heart disease 1 wk after initial therapy, who also had albuminuria probably as a result of diabetes.
Only grade 1 liver dysfunction was observed in patients and healthy controls.
One patient had depression before APL that was well controlled by medication.
One patient had essential tremor.
Three patients had a mild and transient elevation in NSE, CEA, and CA125, respectively, and retests were normal.
Two patients had hyperpigmentation, 1 had hypopigmentation, and 5 had hyperkeratosis/hyperplasia.
Two had hyperpigmentation and 3 had hyperkeratosis.
Patients within 6 mo off ATO were not included because of high retention of arsenic.