Risk factors of occult malignancy among patients with a first unprovoked VTE
| . | Patients without cancer (n = 821) No. (%) . | Patients with cancer (n = 33) No. (%) . | Absolute risk (%) . | Univariate analysis HR (95% CI) . | P . | Multivariate analysis HR (95% CI) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis ≥ 60 y | 288 (35.1) | 20 (60.6) | 6.5 | 2.90 (1.44-5.83) | .003 | 3.11 (1.41-6.89) | .005 |
| Male sex | 555 (67.6) | 21 (63.6) | 3.6 | 0.72 (0.35-1.46) | .358 | — | — |
| Medical history | |||||||
| Hypertension | 176 (21.4) | 11 (33.3) | 5.9 | 2.06 (1.00-4.26) | .050 | 1.33 (0.60-2.96) | .485 |
| Myocardial infarction | 21 (2.6) | 1 (3.0) | 4.5 | 1.52 (0.21-11.17) | .679 | — | — |
| Stroke | 10 (1.2) | 1 (3.0) | 9.1 | 2.34 (0.32-17.18) | .402 | — | — |
| Congestive heart failure | 2 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | — | — | — | — | — |
| Diabetes mellitus | 36 (4.4) | 3 (9.1) | 7.7 | 2.89 (0.87-9.55) | .082 | 2.09 (0.60-7.22) | .258 |
| COPD | 18 (2.2) | 1 (3.0) | 5.3 | 0.93 (0.13-6.84) | .945 | — | — |
| Previous cancer | 46 (5.6) | 4 (12.1) | 8.0 | 2.92 (1.03-8.33) | .045 | 1.87 (0.61-5.72) | .274 |
| Prior provoked VTE | 42 (5.1) | 5 (15.2) | 10.6 | 3.57 (1.38-9.25) | .009 | 3.20 (1.19-8.62) | .022 |
| Current smoker | 123 (15.0) | 9 (27.3) | 6.8 | 2.15 (1.00-4.63) | .050 | 2.80 (1.24-6.33) | .014 |
| Past smoker | 271 (33.0) | 13 (39.4) | 4.6 | 1.32 (0.66-2.66) | .435 | — | — |
| Type of current VTE | |||||||
| DVT only | 447 (54.4) | 24 (72.7) | 5.1 | 1.89 (0.88-4.07) | .104 | 1.89 (0.87-4.10) | .108 |
| PE only | 271 (33.1) | 7 (21.2) | 2.5 | 0.60 (0.26-1.38) | .229 | — | — |
| DVT + PE | 103 (12.6) | 2 (6.1) | 1.9 | 0.54 (0.13-2.24) | .392 | — | — |
| Medications | |||||||
| Oral contraceptive pills | 48 (5.8) | 0 (0.0) | — | — | — | — | — |
| Exogenous estrogen | 18 (2.2) | 1 (3.0) | 5.3 | 1.51 (0.21-11.07) | .685 | — | — |
| Antiplatelet agent | 39 (4.8) | 1 (3.0) | 2.5 | 0.62 (0.09-4.56) | .641 | — | — |
| . | Patients without cancer (n = 821) No. (%) . | Patients with cancer (n = 33) No. (%) . | Absolute risk (%) . | Univariate analysis HR (95% CI) . | P . | Multivariate analysis HR (95% CI) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis ≥ 60 y | 288 (35.1) | 20 (60.6) | 6.5 | 2.90 (1.44-5.83) | .003 | 3.11 (1.41-6.89) | .005 |
| Male sex | 555 (67.6) | 21 (63.6) | 3.6 | 0.72 (0.35-1.46) | .358 | — | — |
| Medical history | |||||||
| Hypertension | 176 (21.4) | 11 (33.3) | 5.9 | 2.06 (1.00-4.26) | .050 | 1.33 (0.60-2.96) | .485 |
| Myocardial infarction | 21 (2.6) | 1 (3.0) | 4.5 | 1.52 (0.21-11.17) | .679 | — | — |
| Stroke | 10 (1.2) | 1 (3.0) | 9.1 | 2.34 (0.32-17.18) | .402 | — | — |
| Congestive heart failure | 2 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | — | — | — | — | — |
| Diabetes mellitus | 36 (4.4) | 3 (9.1) | 7.7 | 2.89 (0.87-9.55) | .082 | 2.09 (0.60-7.22) | .258 |
| COPD | 18 (2.2) | 1 (3.0) | 5.3 | 0.93 (0.13-6.84) | .945 | — | — |
| Previous cancer | 46 (5.6) | 4 (12.1) | 8.0 | 2.92 (1.03-8.33) | .045 | 1.87 (0.61-5.72) | .274 |
| Prior provoked VTE | 42 (5.1) | 5 (15.2) | 10.6 | 3.57 (1.38-9.25) | .009 | 3.20 (1.19-8.62) | .022 |
| Current smoker | 123 (15.0) | 9 (27.3) | 6.8 | 2.15 (1.00-4.63) | .050 | 2.80 (1.24-6.33) | .014 |
| Past smoker | 271 (33.0) | 13 (39.4) | 4.6 | 1.32 (0.66-2.66) | .435 | — | — |
| Type of current VTE | |||||||
| DVT only | 447 (54.4) | 24 (72.7) | 5.1 | 1.89 (0.88-4.07) | .104 | 1.89 (0.87-4.10) | .108 |
| PE only | 271 (33.1) | 7 (21.2) | 2.5 | 0.60 (0.26-1.38) | .229 | — | — |
| DVT + PE | 103 (12.6) | 2 (6.1) | 1.9 | 0.54 (0.13-2.24) | .392 | — | — |
| Medications | |||||||
| Oral contraceptive pills | 48 (5.8) | 0 (0.0) | — | — | — | — | — |
| Exogenous estrogen | 18 (2.2) | 1 (3.0) | 5.3 | 1.51 (0.21-11.07) | .685 | — | — |
| Antiplatelet agent | 39 (4.8) | 1 (3.0) | 2.5 | 0.62 (0.09-4.56) | .641 | — | — |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.