Causes of priapism
| Etiology . | Examples . |
|---|---|
| Hematologic disorders | SCD, thalassemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| Medications | Vasoactive erectile agents (papaverine, phentolamine, prostaglandin E1, combination therapy), α-adrenergic receptor antagonists (prazosin, terazosin, tamulosin), antianxiety agents (hydroxyzine), anticoagulants (heparin, warfarin), antidepressants and antipsychotics (trazadone, bupropion, fluoxetine, sertraline, lithium, clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, chlorpromazine, thioridazine, phenothiazines), antihypertensives (hydralazine, guanethidine, propranolol) |
| Recreational drugs | Alcohol, cocaine, marijuana |
| Hormones | Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, testosterone |
| Infectious | Scorpion sting, spider bite, rabies, malaria |
| Metabolic | Amyloidosis, Fabry disease, gout |
| Neoplastic (regional infiltration or metastatic) | Kidney, bladder, prostate, urethra, penis, testis, colorectal, lung |
| Neurogenic | Syphilis, spinal cord injury, cauda equina syndrome, autonomic neuropathy, lumbar disc herniation, spinal stenosis, stroke, brain tumor, spinal anesthesia |
| Anxiety disorders | General anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder |
| Anesthesia | General or regional |
| Trauma (nonischemic) | Straddle injury, coital injury, pelvic trauma, intracavernous injection needle injury |
| Iatrogenic (nonischemic) | Penile revascularization surgery, intracavernous needle injury, shunt surgery |
| Etiology . | Examples . |
|---|---|
| Hematologic disorders | SCD, thalassemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| Medications | Vasoactive erectile agents (papaverine, phentolamine, prostaglandin E1, combination therapy), α-adrenergic receptor antagonists (prazosin, terazosin, tamulosin), antianxiety agents (hydroxyzine), anticoagulants (heparin, warfarin), antidepressants and antipsychotics (trazadone, bupropion, fluoxetine, sertraline, lithium, clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, chlorpromazine, thioridazine, phenothiazines), antihypertensives (hydralazine, guanethidine, propranolol) |
| Recreational drugs | Alcohol, cocaine, marijuana |
| Hormones | Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, testosterone |
| Infectious | Scorpion sting, spider bite, rabies, malaria |
| Metabolic | Amyloidosis, Fabry disease, gout |
| Neoplastic (regional infiltration or metastatic) | Kidney, bladder, prostate, urethra, penis, testis, colorectal, lung |
| Neurogenic | Syphilis, spinal cord injury, cauda equina syndrome, autonomic neuropathy, lumbar disc herniation, spinal stenosis, stroke, brain tumor, spinal anesthesia |
| Anxiety disorders | General anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder |
| Anesthesia | General or regional |
| Trauma (nonischemic) | Straddle injury, coital injury, pelvic trauma, intracavernous injection needle injury |
| Iatrogenic (nonischemic) | Penile revascularization surgery, intracavernous needle injury, shunt surgery |