Table 2

Preclinical injury models showing beneficial effects of APC variants that have reduced anticoagulant activity or cytoprotective activities

ModelTriggerEnd pointAPC mutantAPC’s effectsReference
Sepsis LPS; bacteria Death 5A-APC Reduction 22, 81, 82 
Brain I/R Ischemia Infarction; swelling; neurologic score 3K3A-APC; 5A-APC Reduction 6, 15 
Cardiac I/R Ischemia Coronary damage APC-2Cys Reduction 63 
ALS SOD1 mutation Symptom onset; death 3K3A-APC; 5A-APC Reduction 24, 83 
Traumatic brain injury Controlled cortical impact Infarction; angiogenesis; neurogenesis 3K3A-APC Reduce; promote healing 84 
Lung injury Bacteria Swelling; vascular leakage; death 5A-APC Reduction 82 
Total body radiation Lethal radiation Death E149A-APC Reduction 76 
Postsurgical adhesion band Surgery Adhesion band APC-2Cys Reduction 80 
ModelTriggerEnd pointAPC mutantAPC’s effectsReference
Sepsis LPS; bacteria Death 5A-APC Reduction 22, 81, 82 
Brain I/R Ischemia Infarction; swelling; neurologic score 3K3A-APC; 5A-APC Reduction 6, 15 
Cardiac I/R Ischemia Coronary damage APC-2Cys Reduction 63 
ALS SOD1 mutation Symptom onset; death 3K3A-APC; 5A-APC Reduction 24, 83 
Traumatic brain injury Controlled cortical impact Infarction; angiogenesis; neurogenesis 3K3A-APC Reduce; promote healing 84 
Lung injury Bacteria Swelling; vascular leakage; death 5A-APC Reduction 82 
Total body radiation Lethal radiation Death E149A-APC Reduction 76 
Postsurgical adhesion band Surgery Adhesion band APC-2Cys Reduction 80 

ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; LPS, lipopolysaccharide.

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