Participant characteristics, hematologic parameters, and inflammatory markers
| . | Healthy volunteer . | Sickle cell steady state . | Sickle cell pain crisis . | Recovered from pain crisis . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 38 | 29 | 20 | 16 |
| β-globin genotype | 30 AA, 7 AS, 1 AC | 26 SS, 3 SC | 18 SS, 2 SC | 14 SS, 2 SC |
| Age (y) | 31 (26-43) | 35 (28-43) | 36 (25-45) | 36 (27-45) |
| Female (%) | 24/38 (63%) | 17/29 (59%) | 13/20 (65%) | 11/16 (69%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28 (24-32) | 24 (21-26)* | 23 (21-27) | 24 (22-28) |
| Hydroxyurea use (%) | 0/38 (0%) | 20/29 (69%) | 17/20 (85%) | 14/16 (88%) |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13 (12-14) | 9.1 (8.1-9.7)* | 7.7 (7.1-8.8)† | 8.5 (7.4-9.3) |
| Fetal hemoglobin (%) | 0.0 | 9.5 (5.0-18)* | 12 (4.0-16) | 13 (2.9-16) |
| Hemoglobin S (%) | 0.0 | 76 (61-81)* | 81 (77-83) | 78 (57-83) |
| Hematocrit (%) | 38 (36-41) | 25 (22-27)* | 21 (20-24)† | 24 (21-27)‡ |
| MCV (fL) | 85 (79-90) | 93 (80-110)* | 94 (86-100) | 90 (77-100) |
| Reticulocyte (%) | 1.0 (0.8-1.5) | 8.7 (4.3-11)* | 8.1 (5.7-12) | 9.0 (6.2-14) |
| Retic count (K/uL) | 50 (36-72) | 190 (110-280)* | 170 (150-300) | 240 (140-320) |
| LDH (U/L) | 180 (160-200) | 330 (280-470)* | 480 (330-660) | 390 (350-440) |
| Platelet count (K/uL) | 240 (220-280) | 300 (230-370)* | 280 (210-380) | 310 (230-490) |
| WBC count (K/uL) | 5.4 (4.6-6.9) | 7.1 (5.9-9.5)* | 9.2 (7.6-13)† | 8.9 (7.1-14) |
| Neutrophil count (K/uL) | 3.0 (2.1-3.8) | 3.4 (2.1-5.2) | 5.7 (3.3-7.2)† | 3.6 (2.7-6.6) |
| CRP (mg/L) | 1.2 (0.4-2.9) | 3.3 (1.3-4.8)* | 12 (2.4-66)† | 6.0 (2.0-8.7)‡ |
| VO2 (−ΔHbO2/min) | 0.75 (0.62-0.94) | 0.91 (0.75-1.07)* | 1.10 (0.78-1.30)† | 0.88 (0.76-1.03)‡ |
| . | Healthy volunteer . | Sickle cell steady state . | Sickle cell pain crisis . | Recovered from pain crisis . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 38 | 29 | 20 | 16 |
| β-globin genotype | 30 AA, 7 AS, 1 AC | 26 SS, 3 SC | 18 SS, 2 SC | 14 SS, 2 SC |
| Age (y) | 31 (26-43) | 35 (28-43) | 36 (25-45) | 36 (27-45) |
| Female (%) | 24/38 (63%) | 17/29 (59%) | 13/20 (65%) | 11/16 (69%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28 (24-32) | 24 (21-26)* | 23 (21-27) | 24 (22-28) |
| Hydroxyurea use (%) | 0/38 (0%) | 20/29 (69%) | 17/20 (85%) | 14/16 (88%) |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13 (12-14) | 9.1 (8.1-9.7)* | 7.7 (7.1-8.8)† | 8.5 (7.4-9.3) |
| Fetal hemoglobin (%) | 0.0 | 9.5 (5.0-18)* | 12 (4.0-16) | 13 (2.9-16) |
| Hemoglobin S (%) | 0.0 | 76 (61-81)* | 81 (77-83) | 78 (57-83) |
| Hematocrit (%) | 38 (36-41) | 25 (22-27)* | 21 (20-24)† | 24 (21-27)‡ |
| MCV (fL) | 85 (79-90) | 93 (80-110)* | 94 (86-100) | 90 (77-100) |
| Reticulocyte (%) | 1.0 (0.8-1.5) | 8.7 (4.3-11)* | 8.1 (5.7-12) | 9.0 (6.2-14) |
| Retic count (K/uL) | 50 (36-72) | 190 (110-280)* | 170 (150-300) | 240 (140-320) |
| LDH (U/L) | 180 (160-200) | 330 (280-470)* | 480 (330-660) | 390 (350-440) |
| Platelet count (K/uL) | 240 (220-280) | 300 (230-370)* | 280 (210-380) | 310 (230-490) |
| WBC count (K/uL) | 5.4 (4.6-6.9) | 7.1 (5.9-9.5)* | 9.2 (7.6-13)† | 8.9 (7.1-14) |
| Neutrophil count (K/uL) | 3.0 (2.1-3.8) | 3.4 (2.1-5.2) | 5.7 (3.3-7.2)† | 3.6 (2.7-6.6) |
| CRP (mg/L) | 1.2 (0.4-2.9) | 3.3 (1.3-4.8)* | 12 (2.4-66)† | 6.0 (2.0-8.7)‡ |
| VO2 (−ΔHbO2/min) | 0.75 (0.62-0.94) | 0.91 (0.75-1.07)* | 1.10 (0.78-1.30)† | 0.88 (0.76-1.03)‡ |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range). Statistics performed using unpaired t tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, paired t tests, or Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank tests, where appropriate.
BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; δHbO2/min, change in oxygenated hemoglobin per minute; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; Retic, reticulocyte; VO2, oxygen consumption rate; WBC, white blood cell.
P < .05 for steady state compared with healthy volunteer.
P < .05 for acute crisis compared with steady state.
P < .05 for recovered from crisis compared with acute crisis.