Cytokine levels and VLs at KSHV-MCD flare and remission
| . | Episodes (patients) . | vIL-6 . | hIL-6 . | IL-1β . | IL-5* . | IL-8 . | IL-10 . | IL-12p70 . | TNF-α . | IFN-γ . | KSHV VL . | HIV VL . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All flares | 34 (21) | 2068 (<1560-20 497) | 24.0 (1.4-171.5) | 1.3 (0.1-11.3) | 0.6 (0.1-15.4) | 36.6 (5.2-932.8) | 755 (2.8-85 857.8) | 6.8 (0.1-69.1) | 28.2 (7.9-90.8) | 6.7 (0.2-139.2) | 2 2391 (0-3 913 043) | <50 (< 50-64 100) |
| Initial flares | 21 (21) | <1560 (<1560-20 497) | 15.9 (1.4-171.5) | 1.2 (0.0-5.7) | 0.6 (0.1-15.4) | 36.2 (7.1-495.2) | 449.1 (2.8-85 857.8) | 5.3 (0.0-29.1) | 29.0 (7.9-90.8) | 4.1 (0.2-87.2) | 14 667 (1-3 913 943) | <50 (<50-64 100) |
| Subsequent flares | 13 (11) | 2 771 (<1560-12 335) | 33.2 (10.2-102.9) | 1.9 (0.3-11.3) | 0.7 (0.2-2.1) | 37.0 (5.2-932.8) | 2196.4 (58.9-33 712) | 11.2 (0.1-69.1) | 23.5 (9.8-76.2) | 12.1 (1.7-139.2) | 53 846 (0-2 777 778) | <50 (<50-139) |
| Remission | 20 (20) | <1560 (NA)† | 2.0 (0.4-34.8) | 0.5 (0.0-1.4) | 1.2 (0.2-4.2) | 35.5 (4.6-574.5) | 4.2 (0.9-2855.5) | 1.7 (0.3-40.4) | 11.5 (6.5-92.1) | 1.7 (0.3-40.4) | 1 (0-2 200) | <50 (<50-1150) |
| Change initial flare to remission | — | NA† | −80.8% (−99.3-+83.1) | −71.4% (−100.0-+248.9) | +100.0% (−91.5-+400.0) | +1.0% (−91.3-+156.6) | −98.0% (−100.0-+535.8) | −63.0% (−100.0-+348.3) | −39.9% (−89.7-+111.7) | −50.6% (−100.0-+210.6%) | −100.0% (100.0-+28.6%) | NA |
| Flare association | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | Trend (inverse) | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | NA |
| P = .0039† | P = .0006 | P = .0027 | P = .016 | P = 1.0 | P = .0007 | P = .066 | P = .0083 | P = .75 | P < .0001 |
| . | Episodes (patients) . | vIL-6 . | hIL-6 . | IL-1β . | IL-5* . | IL-8 . | IL-10 . | IL-12p70 . | TNF-α . | IFN-γ . | KSHV VL . | HIV VL . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All flares | 34 (21) | 2068 (<1560-20 497) | 24.0 (1.4-171.5) | 1.3 (0.1-11.3) | 0.6 (0.1-15.4) | 36.6 (5.2-932.8) | 755 (2.8-85 857.8) | 6.8 (0.1-69.1) | 28.2 (7.9-90.8) | 6.7 (0.2-139.2) | 2 2391 (0-3 913 043) | <50 (< 50-64 100) |
| Initial flares | 21 (21) | <1560 (<1560-20 497) | 15.9 (1.4-171.5) | 1.2 (0.0-5.7) | 0.6 (0.1-15.4) | 36.2 (7.1-495.2) | 449.1 (2.8-85 857.8) | 5.3 (0.0-29.1) | 29.0 (7.9-90.8) | 4.1 (0.2-87.2) | 14 667 (1-3 913 943) | <50 (<50-64 100) |
| Subsequent flares | 13 (11) | 2 771 (<1560-12 335) | 33.2 (10.2-102.9) | 1.9 (0.3-11.3) | 0.7 (0.2-2.1) | 37.0 (5.2-932.8) | 2196.4 (58.9-33 712) | 11.2 (0.1-69.1) | 23.5 (9.8-76.2) | 12.1 (1.7-139.2) | 53 846 (0-2 777 778) | <50 (<50-139) |
| Remission | 20 (20) | <1560 (NA)† | 2.0 (0.4-34.8) | 0.5 (0.0-1.4) | 1.2 (0.2-4.2) | 35.5 (4.6-574.5) | 4.2 (0.9-2855.5) | 1.7 (0.3-40.4) | 11.5 (6.5-92.1) | 1.7 (0.3-40.4) | 1 (0-2 200) | <50 (<50-1150) |
| Change initial flare to remission | — | NA† | −80.8% (−99.3-+83.1) | −71.4% (−100.0-+248.9) | +100.0% (−91.5-+400.0) | +1.0% (−91.3-+156.6) | −98.0% (−100.0-+535.8) | −63.0% (−100.0-+348.3) | −39.9% (−89.7-+111.7) | −50.6% (−100.0-+210.6%) | −100.0% (100.0-+28.6%) | NA |
| Flare association | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | Trend (inverse) | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | NA |
| P = .0039† | P = .0006 | P = .0027 | P = .016 | P = 1.0 | P = .0007 | P = .066 | P = .0083 | P = .75 | P < .0001 |
For all cytokines, units are pg/mL. For KSHV VL, units are copies/106 PBMCs. For HIV VL, units are copies/mL. Statistical comparisons are made from initial flare to first remission.
IL-5 could not be assayed for 1 initial flare.
vIL-6 was <1560 pg/mL (the lower limit of detection) in all remissions and compared as a categorical variable using the McNemar test for paired categorical data.