Table 2 Novel agents in clinical trials... | American Society of Hematology

Table 2

Novel agents in clinical trials

Category*	Therapeutic agent	Mechanism of action	Reference
HbF augmentation	Vorinostat, panobinostat	HDAC inhibition	43
	Sodium dimethylbutyrate	HDAC inhibition	31
	Decitabine	DNA demethylation	33
	Pomalidomide	Histone acetylation of γ-globin promoter	30
Adhesion	GMI-1070	Pan-selectin inhibitor	21
	IVIG	Inhibits neutrophil activation and RBC capture	22, 23, 25
	SelG1	Humanized anti-P-selectin monoclonal antibody	Selexys
	Heparin (tinzaparin)	Inhibits P-selectin	37
	Propranolol	Inhibits RBC adhesion to the endothelium	7
Inflammation	Regadenoson	A2AR agonist, blocks iNKT activation	39
	Statins	Anti-inflammatory	44
	Zileuton	5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, used in asthma	45
	Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP)	Reduces ischemia–induced tissue damage	46
	MP4CO	PEG carboxy-hemoglobin	47
Antiplatelet therapy	Prasugrel	ADP receptor blockade	42
Antiplatelet therapy	Eptifibatide	αIIb/β3 antagonist	48
Oxidative injury	Omega-3 fatty acids		40
	Glutamine	Increases NADPH	49
	NAC	Increased glutathione	41
	Alpha-lipoic acid	Inhibits NF-κB, increases glutathione	50
	Acetyl-L-carnitine	Decreases lipid peroxidation
Antisickling agent	Aes-103	Binds sickle hemoglobin and shifts oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left	51
Viscosity	Poloxamer-188	Non-ionic surfactant, improves microvascular flow	52
Vascular tone	IV magnesium	Vasodilatation	53
NO	L-arginine	Substrate for NO	54

Category*	Therapeutic agent	Mechanism of action	Reference
HbF augmentation	Vorinostat, panobinostat	HDAC inhibition	43
	Sodium dimethylbutyrate	HDAC inhibition	31
	Decitabine	DNA demethylation	33
	Pomalidomide	Histone acetylation of γ-globin promoter	30
Adhesion	GMI-1070	Pan-selectin inhibitor	21
	IVIG	Inhibits neutrophil activation and RBC capture	22, 23, 25
	SelG1	Humanized anti-P-selectin monoclonal antibody	Selexys
	Heparin (tinzaparin)	Inhibits P-selectin	37
	Propranolol	Inhibits RBC adhesion to the endothelium	7
Inflammation	Regadenoson	A2AR agonist, blocks iNKT activation	39
	Statins	Anti-inflammatory	44
	Zileuton	5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, used in asthma	45
	Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP)	Reduces ischemia–induced tissue damage	46
	MP4CO	PEG carboxy-hemoglobin	47
Antiplatelet therapy	Prasugrel	ADP receptor blockade	42
Antiplatelet therapy	Eptifibatide	αIIb/β3 antagonist	48
Oxidative injury	Omega-3 fatty acids		40
	Glutamine	Increases NADPH	49
	NAC	Increased glutathione	41
	Alpha-lipoic acid	Inhibits NF-κB, increases glutathione	50
	Acetyl-L-carnitine	Decreases lipid peroxidation
Antisickling agent	Aes-103	Binds sickle hemoglobin and shifts oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left	51
Viscosity	Poloxamer-188	Non-ionic surfactant, improves microvascular flow	52
Vascular tone	IV magnesium	Vasodilatation	53
NO	L-arginine	Substrate for NO	54

Some therapies have multiple mechanisms of action.