Differences in key study variables by race/ethnic group
| Study variables . | Race/ethnic group . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WH (n = 302) . | AA (n = 206) . | HIS (n = 266) . | API (n = 222) . | AI (n = 71) . | Test statistic, χ2 or F . | P . | |
| Demographic characteristics | |||||||
| Female sex, % | 52 | 73*** | 59 | 55 | 61 | 25.44 | .000*** |
| Mean age, y (SD) | 37.70 (11.52) | 38.17 (11.21) | 38.78 (10.34) | 34.73 (10.66)*** | 41.03 (10.28) | 6.49 | .000*** |
| Marital status, % married | 67 | 42*** | 71 | 53*** | 73 | 57.22 | .000*** |
| Education, % ≥ bachelor's degree | 57 | 56 | 44*** | 78*** | 38** | 67.70 | .000*** |
| Income | |||||||
| % < 35K | 13 | 23*** | 29*** | 10 | 27** | 61.53 | .000*** |
| % 35K-75K | 31 | 41 | 34 | 30 | 30 | ||
| % > 75K | 56 | 35 | 38 | 60 | 44 | ||
| Employment, % employed | 85 | 81 | 79 | 83 | 89 | 6.22 | .183 |
| Culturally related characteristics, mean (SD) | |||||||
| Religion importance/influence | 6.29 (2.42) | 7.75 (1.68)*** | 7.05 (2.15)*** | 5.82 (2.68) | 6.85 (2.23) | 23.26 | .000*** |
| Religious objections | 1.66 (0.49) | 1.89 (0.51)*** | 1.90 (0.51)*** | 1.85 (0.49)*** | 1.92 (0.55)*** | 11.52 | .000*** |
| Family cohesion | 2.94 (0.42) | 3.06 (0.45)** | 3.22 (0.47)*** | 3.20 (0.45)*** | 3.11 (0.39)** | 17.61 | .000*** |
| Medical system mistrust | 2.70 (0.55) | 2.84 (0.58)* | 2.67 (0.56) | 2.75 (0.51) | 2.91 (0.47)* | 4.71 | .001*** |
| HSC allocation mistrust | 2.16 (0.60) | 2.51 (0.58)*** | 2.27 (0.56) | 2.40 (0.52)*** | 2.27 (0.53) | 13.77 | .000*** |
| Psychosocial characteristics, mean (SD) | |||||||
| Anxiety | 0.18 (0.25) | 0.12 (0.23) | 0.17 (0.29) | 0.20 (0.29) | 0.13 (0.20) | 2.55 | .038* |
| Depression | 0.12 (0.21) | 0.13 (0.23) | 0.17 (0.32) | 0.16 (0.31) | 0.09 (0.17) | 2.51 | .040* |
| Self-esteem | 3.64 (0.39) | 3.64 (0.40) | 3.51 (0.44)** | 3.44 (0.42)*** | 3.64 (0.37) | 11.54 | .000*** |
| Mastery | 3.40 (0.44) | 3.42 (0.47) | 3.35 (0.49) | 3.19 (0.45)*** | 3.47 (0.42) | 10.37 | .000*** |
| SF-8 physical health | 64.55 (5.23) | 64.54 (5.49) | 63.91 (5.88) | 64.53 (5.37) | 63.02 (7.64) | 1.55 | .184 |
| SF-8 mental/emotional health | 64.32 (5.85) | 63.37 (6.79) | 63.79 (6.77) | 63.21 (6.86) | 64.60 (5.73) | 1.44 | .218 |
| Donation-related characteristics | |||||||
| Encouraged to donate, % yes | 29 | 19** | 19** | 30 | 28 | 13.41 | .009** |
| Discouraged from donating, % yes | 27 | 28 | 21 | 41*** | 24 | 24.67 | .000*** |
| Ambivalence, mean (SD) | 1.81 (0.65) | 1.81 (0.62) | 1.71 (0.58) | 1.96 (0.58) | 1.70 (0.59) | 4.25 | .002** |
| Donor self-definition, mean (SD) | 5.73 (2.19) | 6.51 (2.06)*** | 6.69 (2.33)*** | 5.91 (1.96) | 6.20 (2.16) | 9.18 | .000*** |
| Donor social role, mean (SD) | 3.18 (1.62) | 3.76 (1.66)** | 3.92 (1.71)*** | 3.43 (1.49) | 3.68 (1.45) | 8.68 | .000*** |
| Medical concerns, mean (SD) | 1.83 (1.37) | 2.03 (1.44) | 1.94 (1.44) | 2.41 (1.38)*** | 1.61 (1.25) | 7.65 | .000*** |
| Work and family concerns, mean (SD) | 1.80 (1.58) | 1.92 (1.62) | 2.22 (1.78)* | 2.30 (1.59)** | 2.06 (1.87) | 3.98 | .003** |
| Other concerns, mean (SD) | 0.20 (0.41) | 0.22 (0.45) | 0.36 (0.53)*** | 0.28 (0.50) | 0.30 (0.57) | 4.79 | .001*** |
| Chance of serious complication, mean (SD) | 1.81 (1.74) | 2.02 (0.72)** | 1.97 (0.80) | 1.88 (0.67) | 1.93 (0.68) | 3.02 | .017* |
| Satisfaction with decision, mean (SD) | 3.34 (0.88) | 3.23 (0.91) | 3.44 (0.80) | 3.27 (0.81) | 3.24 (1.02) | 2.19 | .068 |
| Study variables . | Race/ethnic group . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WH (n = 302) . | AA (n = 206) . | HIS (n = 266) . | API (n = 222) . | AI (n = 71) . | Test statistic, χ2 or F . | P . | |
| Demographic characteristics | |||||||
| Female sex, % | 52 | 73*** | 59 | 55 | 61 | 25.44 | .000*** |
| Mean age, y (SD) | 37.70 (11.52) | 38.17 (11.21) | 38.78 (10.34) | 34.73 (10.66)*** | 41.03 (10.28) | 6.49 | .000*** |
| Marital status, % married | 67 | 42*** | 71 | 53*** | 73 | 57.22 | .000*** |
| Education, % ≥ bachelor's degree | 57 | 56 | 44*** | 78*** | 38** | 67.70 | .000*** |
| Income | |||||||
| % < 35K | 13 | 23*** | 29*** | 10 | 27** | 61.53 | .000*** |
| % 35K-75K | 31 | 41 | 34 | 30 | 30 | ||
| % > 75K | 56 | 35 | 38 | 60 | 44 | ||
| Employment, % employed | 85 | 81 | 79 | 83 | 89 | 6.22 | .183 |
| Culturally related characteristics, mean (SD) | |||||||
| Religion importance/influence | 6.29 (2.42) | 7.75 (1.68)*** | 7.05 (2.15)*** | 5.82 (2.68) | 6.85 (2.23) | 23.26 | .000*** |
| Religious objections | 1.66 (0.49) | 1.89 (0.51)*** | 1.90 (0.51)*** | 1.85 (0.49)*** | 1.92 (0.55)*** | 11.52 | .000*** |
| Family cohesion | 2.94 (0.42) | 3.06 (0.45)** | 3.22 (0.47)*** | 3.20 (0.45)*** | 3.11 (0.39)** | 17.61 | .000*** |
| Medical system mistrust | 2.70 (0.55) | 2.84 (0.58)* | 2.67 (0.56) | 2.75 (0.51) | 2.91 (0.47)* | 4.71 | .001*** |
| HSC allocation mistrust | 2.16 (0.60) | 2.51 (0.58)*** | 2.27 (0.56) | 2.40 (0.52)*** | 2.27 (0.53) | 13.77 | .000*** |
| Psychosocial characteristics, mean (SD) | |||||||
| Anxiety | 0.18 (0.25) | 0.12 (0.23) | 0.17 (0.29) | 0.20 (0.29) | 0.13 (0.20) | 2.55 | .038* |
| Depression | 0.12 (0.21) | 0.13 (0.23) | 0.17 (0.32) | 0.16 (0.31) | 0.09 (0.17) | 2.51 | .040* |
| Self-esteem | 3.64 (0.39) | 3.64 (0.40) | 3.51 (0.44)** | 3.44 (0.42)*** | 3.64 (0.37) | 11.54 | .000*** |
| Mastery | 3.40 (0.44) | 3.42 (0.47) | 3.35 (0.49) | 3.19 (0.45)*** | 3.47 (0.42) | 10.37 | .000*** |
| SF-8 physical health | 64.55 (5.23) | 64.54 (5.49) | 63.91 (5.88) | 64.53 (5.37) | 63.02 (7.64) | 1.55 | .184 |
| SF-8 mental/emotional health | 64.32 (5.85) | 63.37 (6.79) | 63.79 (6.77) | 63.21 (6.86) | 64.60 (5.73) | 1.44 | .218 |
| Donation-related characteristics | |||||||
| Encouraged to donate, % yes | 29 | 19** | 19** | 30 | 28 | 13.41 | .009** |
| Discouraged from donating, % yes | 27 | 28 | 21 | 41*** | 24 | 24.67 | .000*** |
| Ambivalence, mean (SD) | 1.81 (0.65) | 1.81 (0.62) | 1.71 (0.58) | 1.96 (0.58) | 1.70 (0.59) | 4.25 | .002** |
| Donor self-definition, mean (SD) | 5.73 (2.19) | 6.51 (2.06)*** | 6.69 (2.33)*** | 5.91 (1.96) | 6.20 (2.16) | 9.18 | .000*** |
| Donor social role, mean (SD) | 3.18 (1.62) | 3.76 (1.66)** | 3.92 (1.71)*** | 3.43 (1.49) | 3.68 (1.45) | 8.68 | .000*** |
| Medical concerns, mean (SD) | 1.83 (1.37) | 2.03 (1.44) | 1.94 (1.44) | 2.41 (1.38)*** | 1.61 (1.25) | 7.65 | .000*** |
| Work and family concerns, mean (SD) | 1.80 (1.58) | 1.92 (1.62) | 2.22 (1.78)* | 2.30 (1.59)** | 2.06 (1.87) | 3.98 | .003** |
| Other concerns, mean (SD) | 0.20 (0.41) | 0.22 (0.45) | 0.36 (0.53)*** | 0.28 (0.50) | 0.30 (0.57) | 4.79 | .001*** |
| Chance of serious complication, mean (SD) | 1.81 (1.74) | 2.02 (0.72)** | 1.97 (0.80) | 1.88 (0.67) | 1.93 (0.68) | 3.02 | .017* |
| Satisfaction with decision, mean (SD) | 3.34 (0.88) | 3.23 (0.91) | 3.44 (0.80) | 3.27 (0.81) | 3.24 (1.02) | 2.19 | .068 |
All continuous variables are coded so that a higher score indicates more of the variable. The variables “anxiety,” “depression,” “other concerns,” and “chance of a serious complication” were skewed and were transformed (anxiety, depression, and other concerns were dichotomized and chance of a serious complication was trichotomized) before analysis. Raw means are presented in the tables for ease of interpretation.
P < .05;
P < .01;
P < .001.