Prospective studies investigating potential predictive biomarkers of VTE in cancer patients
| First author (ref.) . | Variable . | Cancer entity . | Total number of patients . | Cutoff . | HR/OR for VTE during follow-up . | 95% CI . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Khorana* (5) | Leukocyte count | Various | 2701 | >11 × 109/L | 2.2 (OR) | 1.2-4.0 |
| Khorana* (5) | Platelet count | Various | 3003 | ≥350 × 109/L | 2.8 (OR) | 1.1-3.2 |
| Simanek† (18) | Platelet count | Various | 665 | >443 × 109/L‡ | 3.5 (HR) | 1.5-8.1 |
| Khorana* (5) | hemoglobin and/or the use of erythropoiesis stimulating agents | Various | 3003 | <10 g/dL | 1.8 (OR) | 1.1-3.1 |
| Ay† (16) | Soluble P-selectin | Various | 687 | ≥53.1 ng/mL§ | 2.6 (HR) | 1.4-4.9 |
| Ay† (44) | d-dimer | Various | 821 | ≥1.44 µg/mL§ | 2.2 (HR) | 1.3-3.6 |
| Arpaia (40) | d-dimer | Various | 124 | >0.65 µg/mL§ | 4.0 (HR) | 1.2-13.3 |
| Stender (41) | d-dimer | Colorectal | 176 | >0.3 µg/mL | 6.5 (HR) | 1.6-27 |
| Kodama (42) | d-dimer | Gynecologic | 291 | >5 µg/mL | 1.2 (OR) | 1.0-1.4 |
| Ferroni (43) | d-dimer | Lung | 108 | >1.5 µg/mL | 11 (HR) | 2.6-46 |
| Ay† (45) | Prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 | Various | 821 | ≥358 pmol/L§ | 2.2 (HR) | 1.3-3.6 |
| Ay† (46) | Peak thrombin generation | Various | 1033 | ≥611 nM thrombin§ | 2.1 (HR) | 1.3-3.3 |
| Thaler† (58) | Procoagulant microparticles | Various | 728 | ≥4.62 nM phosphatidyserine equivalent|| | 1.0 (HR) | 0.6-1.6 |
| Thaler† (64) | Microparticle-associated tissue factor activity | Pancreas Brain Stomach Colorectal | 60 119 43 126 | None (per doubling) | 1.5 (HR) 1.0 (HR) 0.7 (HR) 0.9 (HR) | 1.0-2.4 0.8-1.2 0.4-1.2 0.6-1.6 |
| Zwicker (62) | Tissue factor bearing microparticles | Various | 60 | >1 × 104/µL | 3.7 (OR) | 1.2-11.8 |
| Tiedje† (71) | Fibrinogen | Various | 1079 | None (continuous) | 1.1 (HR) | 0.8-1.3 |
| Vormittag† (80) | Factor VIII activity | Various | 840 | >232%|| | 2.8 (HR) | 1.7-4.6 |
| Kanz† (84) | C-reactive protein | Various | 705 | None (per doubling) | 1.0 (HR) | 0.9-1.2 |
| Mandalà (24) | Homocysteine Leukocyte count Hemoglobin Platelet count Protein S Protein C | Various | 381 | None (continuous) | 0.9 (OR) 0.9 (OR) 1.1 (OR) 1.6 (OR) 1.0 (OR) 1.0 (OR) | 0.9-1.0 0.7-1.1 0.8-1.5 1.0-2.5 1.0-1.0 1.0-1.0 |
| First author (ref.) . | Variable . | Cancer entity . | Total number of patients . | Cutoff . | HR/OR for VTE during follow-up . | 95% CI . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Khorana* (5) | Leukocyte count | Various | 2701 | >11 × 109/L | 2.2 (OR) | 1.2-4.0 |
| Khorana* (5) | Platelet count | Various | 3003 | ≥350 × 109/L | 2.8 (OR) | 1.1-3.2 |
| Simanek† (18) | Platelet count | Various | 665 | >443 × 109/L‡ | 3.5 (HR) | 1.5-8.1 |
| Khorana* (5) | hemoglobin and/or the use of erythropoiesis stimulating agents | Various | 3003 | <10 g/dL | 1.8 (OR) | 1.1-3.1 |
| Ay† (16) | Soluble P-selectin | Various | 687 | ≥53.1 ng/mL§ | 2.6 (HR) | 1.4-4.9 |
| Ay† (44) | d-dimer | Various | 821 | ≥1.44 µg/mL§ | 2.2 (HR) | 1.3-3.6 |
| Arpaia (40) | d-dimer | Various | 124 | >0.65 µg/mL§ | 4.0 (HR) | 1.2-13.3 |
| Stender (41) | d-dimer | Colorectal | 176 | >0.3 µg/mL | 6.5 (HR) | 1.6-27 |
| Kodama (42) | d-dimer | Gynecologic | 291 | >5 µg/mL | 1.2 (OR) | 1.0-1.4 |
| Ferroni (43) | d-dimer | Lung | 108 | >1.5 µg/mL | 11 (HR) | 2.6-46 |
| Ay† (45) | Prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 | Various | 821 | ≥358 pmol/L§ | 2.2 (HR) | 1.3-3.6 |
| Ay† (46) | Peak thrombin generation | Various | 1033 | ≥611 nM thrombin§ | 2.1 (HR) | 1.3-3.3 |
| Thaler† (58) | Procoagulant microparticles | Various | 728 | ≥4.62 nM phosphatidyserine equivalent|| | 1.0 (HR) | 0.6-1.6 |
| Thaler† (64) | Microparticle-associated tissue factor activity | Pancreas Brain Stomach Colorectal | 60 119 43 126 | None (per doubling) | 1.5 (HR) 1.0 (HR) 0.7 (HR) 0.9 (HR) | 1.0-2.4 0.8-1.2 0.4-1.2 0.6-1.6 |
| Zwicker (62) | Tissue factor bearing microparticles | Various | 60 | >1 × 104/µL | 3.7 (OR) | 1.2-11.8 |
| Tiedje† (71) | Fibrinogen | Various | 1079 | None (continuous) | 1.1 (HR) | 0.8-1.3 |
| Vormittag† (80) | Factor VIII activity | Various | 840 | >232%|| | 2.8 (HR) | 1.7-4.6 |
| Kanz† (84) | C-reactive protein | Various | 705 | None (per doubling) | 1.0 (HR) | 0.9-1.2 |
| Mandalà (24) | Homocysteine Leukocyte count Hemoglobin Platelet count Protein S Protein C | Various | 381 | None (continuous) | 0.9 (OR) 0.9 (OR) 1.1 (OR) 1.6 (OR) 1.0 (OR) 1.0 (OR) | 0.9-1.0 0.7-1.1 0.8-1.5 1.0-2.5 1.0-1.0 1.0-1.0 |
All hazard ratios are given for multivariate analyses except for the study by Mandalà et al.24 CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio; ref., reference.
Patients included in the ANC Study Group Registry.
Patients included in the CATS.
95th pecentile of the total study population.
75th pecentile of the total study population.
95th percentile of healthy controls.