Table 1

Clinical disease characteristics of patients

PatientsGenderAge*DiagnosisStage†Treatment statusTreatmentCytogeneticsLymphocyte (K/μL)Myelocyte (K/μL)Neutrophil (K/μL)
1 F 62 (65) MM IgAλ I Relapsed/refractory 1. Revlimid, Velcade, dexamethasone Normal 0.8 0.32 2.84 
2. Tanespimycin, Velcade 
2 M 46 (52) MM IgAκ I Relapsed/refractory 1. Revlimid, Velcade, dexamethasone → SCT → Revlimid, dexamethasone Normal 0.11 0.09 1.28 
2. Revlimid, Velcade, dexamethasone 
3 F 62 (64) MM IgAκ I Relapsed/refractory 1. Revlimid, dexamethasone → SCT → Revlimid, dexamethasone Abnormal: 14q32, 11q13, 4p16, 13q14.3, 13q34 0.74 0.28 1.24 
4 M 66 (69) MM IgGκ III Relapsed/refractory 1. Thalidomide, Velcade, dexamethasone Abnormal: 13delq 0.61 0.09 8 
2. Revlimid, melphalan, prednisone 
3. Cytoxan, etoposide, dexamethasone → SCT → Revlimid 
4. Thalidomide, Velcade, Doxil, dexamethasone → thalidomide, Velcade, dexamethasone 
5 M 56 (57) MM IgGκ I Relapsed/refractory 1. Velcade, dexamethasone → thalidomide, Velcade, dexamethasone + cisplatin, Doxil, Cytoxan, etoposide → SCT → Revlimid Normal 0.83 0.26 1.43 
6 F 59 (63) MM IgGκ I Relapsed/refractory 1. Revlimid, Velcade, dexamethasone → SCT → Revlimid Abnormal: +7, +16, 13del, 17delp, t(4:14) 0.82 0.34 3.1 
2. Perifosine/placebo, Velcade, dexamethasone 
7 F 51 (57) MM IgAκ II Relapsed/refractory 1. Thalidomide, dexamethasone → SCT → thalidomide Abnormal: Trisomy 3, 5, 7, 9, 17, 19, t(4:14) 1.15 0.23 3.17 
2. Revlimid, dexamethasone 
3. Thalidomide, Velcade, Doxil, dexamethasone 
4. Panobinostat, dexamethasone 
8 F 60 (67) MM IgGλ I Relapsed/refractory 1. Thalidomide, dexamethasone Abnormal: 17delp, trisomy 3, 7, 9, 11, 15 1.09 0.68 3.12 
2. Velcade 
3. Ixazomib 
9 M 56 (60) MM IgGκ II Relapsed/refractory 1. Velcade, dexamethasone → Revlimid, Velcade, dexamethasone → SCT → Revlimid → Velcade, dexamethasone Abnormal: Trisomy 3, 7, 9, 11, 15 0.53 0.18 3.56 
2. Panobinostat/placebo, Velcade, dexamethasone 
10 M 54 (55) MM IgGκ I Relapsed 1. Revlimid, Velcade, Doxil, dexamethasone Normal 0.97 0.54 3.79 
11 F 47 (55) MM nonsecretory I Relapsed 1. Thalidomide, Cytoxan, dexamethasone → SCT → thalidomide Normal 1.36 0.53 3.83 
2. Marizomib 
12 M 49 (63) MM IgGλ I Relapsed 1. Vincristine, Doxil, dexamethasone → SCT Abnormal: Trisomy 3, 7, 9, tetrasomy 11, 15 1.3 0.52 1.81 
2. Velcade dexamethasone 
3. Revlimid, dexamethasone 
13 M 65 (70) MM IgAλ I Relapsed 1. Thalidomide, dexamethasone → SCT → thalidomide, dexamethasone Abnormal: 14q32, 11q13, 4p16 0.62 0.65 3.28 
2. Revlimid → Velcade, dexamethasone → SCT → Revlimid 
14 F 59 (59) MM IgGλ I Newly diagnosed 1. Revlimid, Velcade, dexamethasone, vorinostat Normal 3.36 0.72 3.68 
15 M 61 (61) MM IgGκ I Newly diagnosed 1. Revlimid, Velcade, dexamethasone Abnormal: Trisomy 3, 9, 11 2.09 0.31 2.55 
16 M 46 (49) MM IgGλ II Newly diagnosed 1. Thalidomide, Velcade, dexamethasone → SCT → Revlimid 13delq, 5delq, t(4:14) at diagnosis 1.12 0.26 1.69 
17 M 62 (67) MM IgGκ I Newly diagnosed 1. Thalidomide, dexamethasone → SCT → Revlimid Normal 0.54 0.05 0.99 
PatientsGenderAge*DiagnosisStage†Treatment statusTreatmentCytogeneticsLymphocyte (K/μL)Myelocyte (K/μL)Neutrophil (K/μL)
1 F 62 (65) MM IgAλ I Relapsed/refractory 1. Revlimid, Velcade, dexamethasone Normal 0.8 0.32 2.84 
2. Tanespimycin, Velcade 
2 M 46 (52) MM IgAκ I Relapsed/refractory 1. Revlimid, Velcade, dexamethasone → SCT → Revlimid, dexamethasone Normal 0.11 0.09 1.28 
2. Revlimid, Velcade, dexamethasone 
3 F 62 (64) MM IgAκ I Relapsed/refractory 1. Revlimid, dexamethasone → SCT → Revlimid, dexamethasone Abnormal: 14q32, 11q13, 4p16, 13q14.3, 13q34 0.74 0.28 1.24 
4 M 66 (69) MM IgGκ III Relapsed/refractory 1. Thalidomide, Velcade, dexamethasone Abnormal: 13delq 0.61 0.09 8 
2. Revlimid, melphalan, prednisone 
3. Cytoxan, etoposide, dexamethasone → SCT → Revlimid 
4. Thalidomide, Velcade, Doxil, dexamethasone → thalidomide, Velcade, dexamethasone 
5 M 56 (57) MM IgGκ I Relapsed/refractory 1. Velcade, dexamethasone → thalidomide, Velcade, dexamethasone + cisplatin, Doxil, Cytoxan, etoposide → SCT → Revlimid Normal 0.83 0.26 1.43 
6 F 59 (63) MM IgGκ I Relapsed/refractory 1. Revlimid, Velcade, dexamethasone → SCT → Revlimid Abnormal: +7, +16, 13del, 17delp, t(4:14) 0.82 0.34 3.1 
2. Perifosine/placebo, Velcade, dexamethasone 
7 F 51 (57) MM IgAκ II Relapsed/refractory 1. Thalidomide, dexamethasone → SCT → thalidomide Abnormal: Trisomy 3, 5, 7, 9, 17, 19, t(4:14) 1.15 0.23 3.17 
2. Revlimid, dexamethasone 
3. Thalidomide, Velcade, Doxil, dexamethasone 
4. Panobinostat, dexamethasone 
8 F 60 (67) MM IgGλ I Relapsed/refractory 1. Thalidomide, dexamethasone Abnormal: 17delp, trisomy 3, 7, 9, 11, 15 1.09 0.68 3.12 
2. Velcade 
3. Ixazomib 
9 M 56 (60) MM IgGκ II Relapsed/refractory 1. Velcade, dexamethasone → Revlimid, Velcade, dexamethasone → SCT → Revlimid → Velcade, dexamethasone Abnormal: Trisomy 3, 7, 9, 11, 15 0.53 0.18 3.56 
2. Panobinostat/placebo, Velcade, dexamethasone 
10 M 54 (55) MM IgGκ I Relapsed 1. Revlimid, Velcade, Doxil, dexamethasone Normal 0.97 0.54 3.79 
11 F 47 (55) MM nonsecretory I Relapsed 1. Thalidomide, Cytoxan, dexamethasone → SCT → thalidomide Normal 1.36 0.53 3.83 
2. Marizomib 
12 M 49 (63) MM IgGλ I Relapsed 1. Vincristine, Doxil, dexamethasone → SCT Abnormal: Trisomy 3, 7, 9, tetrasomy 11, 15 1.3 0.52 1.81 
2. Velcade dexamethasone 
3. Revlimid, dexamethasone 
13 M 65 (70) MM IgAλ I Relapsed 1. Thalidomide, dexamethasone → SCT → thalidomide, dexamethasone Abnormal: 14q32, 11q13, 4p16 0.62 0.65 3.28 
2. Revlimid → Velcade, dexamethasone → SCT → Revlimid 
14 F 59 (59) MM IgGλ I Newly diagnosed 1. Revlimid, Velcade, dexamethasone, vorinostat Normal 3.36 0.72 3.68 
15 M 61 (61) MM IgGκ I Newly diagnosed 1. Revlimid, Velcade, dexamethasone Abnormal: Trisomy 3, 9, 11 2.09 0.31 2.55 
16 M 46 (49) MM IgGλ II Newly diagnosed 1. Thalidomide, Velcade, dexamethasone → SCT → Revlimid 13delq, 5delq, t(4:14) at diagnosis 1.12 0.26 1.69 
17 M 62 (67) MM IgGκ I Newly diagnosed 1. Thalidomide, dexamethasone → SCT → Revlimid Normal 0.54 0.05 0.99 

The frequency and the functional characteristics of MDSCs were analyzed in the BMMCs and/or PBMCs obtained from patients with MM. The patient samples were chosen to represent the heterogeneity in this disease. Healthy donors were age matched. The counts of immune cells (lymphocytes, myelocytes, and neutrophils) are indicated as K/μL.

F, female; M, male; SCT, stem cell transplantation.

*

Age is shown as age at the time of diagnosis and (age at the time of sample collection).

†

Staging was defined using the International Staging System.

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