Study quality assessment by QUADAS-2 criteria
| Reference . | Risk of bias . | Applicability concerns . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient selection . | Index test . | Reference standard . | Flow and timing . | Patient selection . | Index test . | Reference standard . | |
| Lillo-Le Louët et al17 | H | U | U | L | H | H | L |
| Lo et al14 (Canada) | L | L | L | L | L | H | L |
| Lo et al14 (Germany) | L | L | U | L | L | L | L |
| Pouplard et al18 | L | L | L | L | L | U | L |
| Bryant et al19 | L | L | L | L | L | H | L |
| Denys et al23 | L | L | U | L | L | H | L |
| Bakchoul et al20 | L | L | U | L | L | H | L |
| Crowther et al24 | L | L | L | L | H | H | L |
| Cuker et al10 | L | L | L | L | L | H | L |
| Berry et al25 | H | L | L | H | L | U | L |
| Nellen et al21 | L | L | U | L | L | L | L |
| Tawfik et al22 | L | L | U | L | L | L | L |
| Demma et al26 | H | U | L | H | L | H | L |
| Reference . | Risk of bias . | Applicability concerns . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient selection . | Index test . | Reference standard . | Flow and timing . | Patient selection . | Index test . | Reference standard . | |
| Lillo-Le Louët et al17 | H | U | U | L | H | H | L |
| Lo et al14 (Canada) | L | L | L | L | L | H | L |
| Lo et al14 (Germany) | L | L | U | L | L | L | L |
| Pouplard et al18 | L | L | L | L | L | U | L |
| Bryant et al19 | L | L | L | L | L | H | L |
| Denys et al23 | L | L | U | L | L | H | L |
| Bakchoul et al20 | L | L | U | L | L | H | L |
| Crowther et al24 | L | L | L | L | H | H | L |
| Cuker et al10 | L | L | L | L | L | H | L |
| Berry et al25 | H | L | L | H | L | U | L |
| Nellen et al21 | L | L | U | L | L | L | L |
| Tawfik et al22 | L | L | U | L | L | L | L |
| Demma et al26 | H | U | L | H | L | H | L |
H indicates high; U, unclear; and L, low.