Four-year cumulative incidence of progression to AML and 4-year probability of PFS and OS according to patient characteristics
| Variable . | n . | Univariate analysis 4-y probability . | Multivariate analysis RR (95% CI) . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AML . | PFS . | OS . | AML . | PFS . | OS . | ||
| Age, y* | P = .34 | P = .03 | P = .02 | P = .02 | |||
| ≤70 | 53 | 27.2 | 55.8 | 57.0 | 1 | ||
| >70 | 55 | 17.6 | 28.0 | 28.7 | 1.97 (1.08-3.59) | ||
| Sex | P = .79 | P = .71 | P = .91 | ||||
| Female | 34 | 20.3 | 44.2 | 43.6 | |||
| Male | 74 | 23.6 | 41.7 | 43.6 | |||
| WHO type | P = .07 | P = .01 | P = .01 | ||||
| RA | 11 | 29.3 | 60.6 | 60.0 | |||
| RARS | 8 | 0.0 | 85.7 | 85.7 | |||
| RCMD | 35 | 11.9 | 44.9 | 47.5 | |||
| RCMD-RS | 5 | 20.0 | 60.0 | 60.0 | |||
| RAEB-1 | 25 | 42.6 | 21.4 | 23.2 | |||
| RAEB-2 | 18 | 36.7 | 13.8 | 13.8 | |||
| MDS-U | 4 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |||
| del(5q) | 2 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |||
| WHO type | P = .07 | P < .001 | P < .001 | ||||
| RAEB-1 and 2 | 43 | 36.3 | 18.5 | 18.7 | |||
| Others | 65 | 13.0 | 59.8 | 61.0 | |||
| IPSS | P = .003 | P < .001 | P < .001 | P = .01 | P = .01 | ||
| Low | 48 | 5.6 | 71.3 | 74.0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Intermediate-1 | 22 | 34.2 | 39.5 | 38.4 | 2.34 (0.97-5.58) | 2.35 (0.95-5.80) | |
| Intermediate-2 | 10 | 22.2 | 22.2 | 22.2 | 5.08 (1.67-15.42) | 4.39 (1.48-13.01) | |
| High | 28 | 40.9 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 6.10 (2.01-18.52) | 5.74 (1.94-17.04) | |
| Cytogenetic risk group | P = .001 | P < .001 | P < .001 | P = .003 | P = .03 | P = .004 | |
| Low | 69 | 12.1 | 62.6 | 63.9 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Intermediate | 14 | 30.8 | 15.9 | 11.9 | 2.87 (0.84-9.83) | 3.76 (1.48-9.54) | 5.46 (2.09-14.27) |
| High | 25 | 47.3 | 4.8 | 5.7 | 5.29 (2.01-13.95) | 2.07 (0.75-5.72) | 2.40 (0.90-6.40) |
| No. of activating KIR genes | P = .87 | P = .06 | P = .09 | ||||
| 0-1 | 65 | 22.7 | 36.7 | 39.2 | |||
| ≥2 | 43 | 22.6 | 52.5 | 51.3 | |||
| Activating KIR gene haplotype | P = .02 | P = .02 | P = .10 | P = .02 | P = .001 | P = .02 | |
| Haplotype B† | 80 | 16.8 | 48.9 | 48.2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Haplotype A | 28 | 37.1 | 27.3 | 31.2 | 2.67 (1.13-6.31) | 2.96 (1.59-5.52) | 2.25 (1.17-4.31) |
| HLA-C group‡ | P = .50 | P = .78 | P = .90 | ||||
| HLA-C1/x§ | 93 | 24.4 | 44.2 | 44.4 | |||
| HLA-C2/2 | 13 | 15.4 | 35.2 | 39.6 | |||
| Variable . | n . | Univariate analysis 4-y probability . | Multivariate analysis RR (95% CI) . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AML . | PFS . | OS . | AML . | PFS . | OS . | ||
| Age, y* | P = .34 | P = .03 | P = .02 | P = .02 | |||
| ≤70 | 53 | 27.2 | 55.8 | 57.0 | 1 | ||
| >70 | 55 | 17.6 | 28.0 | 28.7 | 1.97 (1.08-3.59) | ||
| Sex | P = .79 | P = .71 | P = .91 | ||||
| Female | 34 | 20.3 | 44.2 | 43.6 | |||
| Male | 74 | 23.6 | 41.7 | 43.6 | |||
| WHO type | P = .07 | P = .01 | P = .01 | ||||
| RA | 11 | 29.3 | 60.6 | 60.0 | |||
| RARS | 8 | 0.0 | 85.7 | 85.7 | |||
| RCMD | 35 | 11.9 | 44.9 | 47.5 | |||
| RCMD-RS | 5 | 20.0 | 60.0 | 60.0 | |||
| RAEB-1 | 25 | 42.6 | 21.4 | 23.2 | |||
| RAEB-2 | 18 | 36.7 | 13.8 | 13.8 | |||
| MDS-U | 4 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |||
| del(5q) | 2 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |||
| WHO type | P = .07 | P < .001 | P < .001 | ||||
| RAEB-1 and 2 | 43 | 36.3 | 18.5 | 18.7 | |||
| Others | 65 | 13.0 | 59.8 | 61.0 | |||
| IPSS | P = .003 | P < .001 | P < .001 | P = .01 | P = .01 | ||
| Low | 48 | 5.6 | 71.3 | 74.0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Intermediate-1 | 22 | 34.2 | 39.5 | 38.4 | 2.34 (0.97-5.58) | 2.35 (0.95-5.80) | |
| Intermediate-2 | 10 | 22.2 | 22.2 | 22.2 | 5.08 (1.67-15.42) | 4.39 (1.48-13.01) | |
| High | 28 | 40.9 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 6.10 (2.01-18.52) | 5.74 (1.94-17.04) | |
| Cytogenetic risk group | P = .001 | P < .001 | P < .001 | P = .003 | P = .03 | P = .004 | |
| Low | 69 | 12.1 | 62.6 | 63.9 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Intermediate | 14 | 30.8 | 15.9 | 11.9 | 2.87 (0.84-9.83) | 3.76 (1.48-9.54) | 5.46 (2.09-14.27) |
| High | 25 | 47.3 | 4.8 | 5.7 | 5.29 (2.01-13.95) | 2.07 (0.75-5.72) | 2.40 (0.90-6.40) |
| No. of activating KIR genes | P = .87 | P = .06 | P = .09 | ||||
| 0-1 | 65 | 22.7 | 36.7 | 39.2 | |||
| ≥2 | 43 | 22.6 | 52.5 | 51.3 | |||
| Activating KIR gene haplotype | P = .02 | P = .02 | P = .10 | P = .02 | P = .001 | P = .02 | |
| Haplotype B† | 80 | 16.8 | 48.9 | 48.2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Haplotype A | 28 | 37.1 | 27.3 | 31.2 | 2.67 (1.13-6.31) | 2.96 (1.59-5.52) | 2.25 (1.17-4.31) |
| HLA-C group‡ | P = .50 | P = .78 | P = .90 | ||||
| HLA-C1/x§ | 93 | 24.4 | 44.2 | 44.4 | |||
| HLA-C2/2 | 13 | 15.4 | 35.2 | 39.6 | |||
MDS-U, MDS unclassified; RA, refractory anemia; RAEB, refractory anemia with excess blasts; RARS, refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts; RCMD, refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia; RCMD-RS, refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia and ringed sideroblasts.
The median age was 68.4 years (range, 18.1-88.4 years).
Two patients had missing data.
Includes HLA-C1/C1 and HLA-C1/C2.
Haplotype B patients were further characterized as haplotype B centromeric and telomeric according to KIR gene content. They had similar outcomes, namely progression to AML (17.0% vs 16.0%; P = .96); PFS (45.2% vs 37.1%; P = .78); OS (45.8% vs 57.5%; P = .82).