Characteristics of patients with leukemia and HSCT recipients with PIV infection
| Characteristic . | Leukemia* (n = 80), N (%) . | HSCT recipients* (n = 120), N (%) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, male | 39 (49) | 66 (55) | .39 |
| Median age, y (range) | 57 (17-84) | 54 (20-82) | .28 |
| Underlying malignancy | |||
| Acute myeloid leukemia | 35 (44) | 41 (34) | |
| Acute lymphocytic leukemia | 22 (28) | 3 (3) | |
| Chronic myeloid leukemia | 7 (9) | 7 (6) | |
| Chronic lymphoid leukemia | 12 (15) | 13 (11) | |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | — | 21 (18) | |
| Hodgkin lymphoma | — | 6 (5) | |
| T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | |
| MDS | 2 (3) | 2 (2) | |
| Multiple myeloma | — | 21 (18) | |
| Solid tumors | — | 6 (5) | |
| HSCT recipients | |||
| Autologous | — | 23 (19) | |
| Allogeneic | — | 97 (81) | |
| Matched related donors | — | 37/97 (38) | |
| Mismatched related donors | — | 3/97 (3) | |
| Unrelated donors | — | 57/97 (59) | |
| Median time from transplantation to PIV infection, d (range) | — | 70 (0-2836) | |
| Presence of GVHD at presentation | — | 45 (38) | |
| Active GVHD | — | 27/45 (60) | |
| Chronic GVHD | — | 18/45 (40) | |
| Site of infection at presentation | .16 | ||
| URI | 52 (65) | 89 (74) | |
| Pneumonia | 28 (35) | 31 (26) | |
| Acquisition of infection | .75 | ||
| Community acquired | 68 (85) | 100 (83) | |
| Nosocomially acquired | 12 (15) | 20 (17) | |
| Type of PIV | .32 | ||
| Type I | 12 (15) | 10 (8) | |
| Type II | 2 (3) | 4 (3) | |
| Type III | 66 (82) | 106 (88) | |
| Neutropenia at the time of diagnosis of PIV (ANC < 500/μL) | 38/80 (48) | 13/115 (11) | < .0001 |
| Lymphopenia at the time of diagnosis of PIV (ALC < 200/μL) | 37/80 (46) | 29/114 (25) | .003 |
| Receipt of corticosteroids within a month of diagnosis of PIV | 28 (35) | 94 (78) | < .0001 |
| Receipt of chemotherapy within a month of diagnosis of PIV | 77 (96) | 35 (29) | < .0001 |
| APACHE II score at the time of diagnosis of PIV, median (range) | 14 (5-26) | 10 (3-30) | < .0001 |
| Progression from URI to pneumonia | 49/80 (61) | 46/119 (39) | .002 |
| Hospitalization resulting from PIV infection | 58/75 (77) | 40/110 (36) | < .0001 |
| Length of hospital stay, median (range) | 10 (1-39) | 9 (1-53) | .86 |
| Respiratory coinfections within a month of diagnosis of PIV infection† | 21 (26) | 35 (29) | .78 |
| ICU stay | 10 (13) | 7 (6) | .1 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 8 (10) | 5 (4) | .1 |
| Resolution of PIV infection | 68/79 (86) | 96/108 (89) | .56 |
| Days from diagnosis of PIV infection to response, median (range) | 8 (1-92) | 13 (1-64) | .001 |
| Mortality within 30 days of PIV infection | 8/79 (10) | 8/108 (7) | .7 |
| Characteristic . | Leukemia* (n = 80), N (%) . | HSCT recipients* (n = 120), N (%) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, male | 39 (49) | 66 (55) | .39 |
| Median age, y (range) | 57 (17-84) | 54 (20-82) | .28 |
| Underlying malignancy | |||
| Acute myeloid leukemia | 35 (44) | 41 (34) | |
| Acute lymphocytic leukemia | 22 (28) | 3 (3) | |
| Chronic myeloid leukemia | 7 (9) | 7 (6) | |
| Chronic lymphoid leukemia | 12 (15) | 13 (11) | |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | — | 21 (18) | |
| Hodgkin lymphoma | — | 6 (5) | |
| T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | |
| MDS | 2 (3) | 2 (2) | |
| Multiple myeloma | — | 21 (18) | |
| Solid tumors | — | 6 (5) | |
| HSCT recipients | |||
| Autologous | — | 23 (19) | |
| Allogeneic | — | 97 (81) | |
| Matched related donors | — | 37/97 (38) | |
| Mismatched related donors | — | 3/97 (3) | |
| Unrelated donors | — | 57/97 (59) | |
| Median time from transplantation to PIV infection, d (range) | — | 70 (0-2836) | |
| Presence of GVHD at presentation | — | 45 (38) | |
| Active GVHD | — | 27/45 (60) | |
| Chronic GVHD | — | 18/45 (40) | |
| Site of infection at presentation | .16 | ||
| URI | 52 (65) | 89 (74) | |
| Pneumonia | 28 (35) | 31 (26) | |
| Acquisition of infection | .75 | ||
| Community acquired | 68 (85) | 100 (83) | |
| Nosocomially acquired | 12 (15) | 20 (17) | |
| Type of PIV | .32 | ||
| Type I | 12 (15) | 10 (8) | |
| Type II | 2 (3) | 4 (3) | |
| Type III | 66 (82) | 106 (88) | |
| Neutropenia at the time of diagnosis of PIV (ANC < 500/μL) | 38/80 (48) | 13/115 (11) | < .0001 |
| Lymphopenia at the time of diagnosis of PIV (ALC < 200/μL) | 37/80 (46) | 29/114 (25) | .003 |
| Receipt of corticosteroids within a month of diagnosis of PIV | 28 (35) | 94 (78) | < .0001 |
| Receipt of chemotherapy within a month of diagnosis of PIV | 77 (96) | 35 (29) | < .0001 |
| APACHE II score at the time of diagnosis of PIV, median (range) | 14 (5-26) | 10 (3-30) | < .0001 |
| Progression from URI to pneumonia | 49/80 (61) | 46/119 (39) | .002 |
| Hospitalization resulting from PIV infection | 58/75 (77) | 40/110 (36) | < .0001 |
| Length of hospital stay, median (range) | 10 (1-39) | 9 (1-53) | .86 |
| Respiratory coinfections within a month of diagnosis of PIV infection† | 21 (26) | 35 (29) | .78 |
| ICU stay | 10 (13) | 7 (6) | .1 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 8 (10) | 5 (4) | .1 |
| Resolution of PIV infection | 68/79 (86) | 96/108 (89) | .56 |
| Days from diagnosis of PIV infection to response, median (range) | 8 (1-92) | 13 (1-64) | .001 |
| Mortality within 30 days of PIV infection | 8/79 (10) | 8/108 (7) | .7 |
— indicates not applicable; and MDS, myelodysplastic syndrome and GVHD, graft-versus-host-disease.
Some data were missing, which may have changed the denominator.
A total of 37 microbiologically documented respiratory infections [19 bacterial infections, including Staphylococcus aureus (4), Stenotrophomonas maltophila (4), Pseudomonas sp (4), Mycobacterium avium complex (2), Enterococcus sp (2), Legionella pneumophila (1), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1), and Enterobacter cloacae (1); 13 viral infections, including respiratory syncytial virus (5), cytomegalovirus (4), herpes simplex virus (2), influenza B (1), and adenovirus (1); 4 fungal infections, including Aspergillus sp (3) and Rhizopus sp (1); and Pneumocystis jiroveci (1)] and 19 nonmicrobiologically documented infections.