Markers of platelet and leukocyte activation and presence of intracellular platelets in circulating leukocytes
| . | Healthy controls . | PV + ET patients . | PV . | ET . | JAK2 mutation . | History of thrombosis . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No . | Yes . | |||||||||
| Negative . | Positive . | . | All . | One episode . | Two episodes . | |||||
| N | 70 | 81 | 30 | 51 | 17 | 64 | 60 | 21 | 16 | 5 |
| Median age, y (range) | 65 (36-89) | 64 (36-88) | 64 (43-88) | 64 (36-89) | 59 (41-88) | 64 (36-89) | 64 (36-89) | 67 (41-88) | 66 (41-81) | 78 (53-88) |
| White blood cells, ×109/L | 6.2 ± 0.7 | 7.7 ± 0.4* | 8.0 ± 0.4* | 7.6 ± 0.5* | 8.0 ± 1.1* | 7.7 ± 0.4* | 7.9 ± 0.5* | 7.3 ± 0.5* | 7.1 ± 0.6* | 8.0 ± 0.9* |
| Granulocytes, ×109/L | 3.5 ± 0.3 | 5.6 ± 0.3* | 5.9 ± 0.4* | 5.5 ± 4.9* | 5.6 ± 0.9* | 5.7 ± 0.3* | 5.8 ± 0.4* | 5.4 ± 0.4* | 5.3 ± 0.4* | 5.4 ± 0.9* |
| Platelets, ×109/L | 223.1 ± 20.5 | 464.5 ± 35.9* | 347.1 ± 45.6* | 515 ± 45.1*† | 545.1 ± 78.0* | 450 ± 39.9*‡ | 467.9 ± 43.2* | 452.1 ± 58.7* | 482.6 ± 80.7* | 391.0 ± 49.5 |
| Platelets expressing P-selectin | 6.8 ± 0.8 | 23.9 ± 1.5* | 23.4 ± 1.8* | 24.2 ± 2.1* | 25.3 ± 3.1* | 23.5 ± 1.7* | 22.2 ± 1.6* | 29.0 ± 3.2*§ | 26.5 ± 3.5*§ | 36.1 ± 6.7*§ |
| Platelets expressing tissue factor | 3.9 ± 0.8 | 25.2 ± 3.2* | 31.4 ± 5.7* | 20.4 ± 3.3*† | 31.5 ± 7.9* | 24.0 ± 3.5*‡ | 21.6 ± 3.7* | 36.9 ± 6.3*§ | 35.0 ± 6.1*§ | 38.6 ± 5.0*§ |
| Platelets with bound fibrinogen | 3.1 ± 0.6 | 32.1 ± 2.2* | 33.5 ± 3.0* | 31.0 ± 3.1* | 20.4 ± 5.4* | 33.1 ± 2.4*‡ | 27.8 ± 2.2* | 44.2 ± 4.1*§ | 43.2 ± 5.1*§ | 48.0 ± 1.7*§ |
| Neutrophil MPO content | 159.9 ± 8.4 | 86.2 ± 8.0* | 98.2 ± 9.9* | 77.5 ± 11.6* | 98.6 ± 11.9* | 74.2 ± 6.7*‡ | 107.2 ± 6.7* | 55.1 ± 3.4*§ | 57.2 ± 5.8*§ | 52.1 ± 5.9*§ |
| Neutrophils with bound fibrinogen | 3.1 ± 0.8 | 28.1 ± 3.0* | 23.3 ± 3.7* | 29.9 ± 3.3*† | 29.1 ± 4.5* | 27.8 ± 3.6* | 19.7 ± 2.8* | 43.8 ± 4.8*§ | 43.4 ± 5.9*§ | 45.0 ± 8.4*§ |
| Neutrophils expressing tissue factor | 2.9 ± 0.6 | 21.1 ± 1.9* | 21.4 ± 3.3* | 20.8 ± 2.2* | 29.3 ± 4.7* | 19.5 ± 2.0*‡ | 18.1 ± 1.7* | 29.1 ± 4.8*§ | 29.3 ± 5.4*§ | 28.1 ± 12.2*§ |
| Monocytes with bound fibrinogen | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 22.8 ± 2.5* | 28.4 ± 4.2* | 21.1 ± 3.1*† | 21.2 ± 4.6* | 23.2 ± 2.9* | 19.7 ± 3.2* | 28.6 ± 3.8*§ | 30.2 ± 4.8*§ | 23.7 ± 5.7*§¶ |
| Monocytes expressing tissue factor | 2.4 ± 0.4 | 20.0 ± 2.0* | 21.3 ± 3.3* | 18.8 ± 2.5* | 23.0 ± 4.8* | 19.4 ± 2.3* | 18.5 ± 2.3* | 23.9 ± 4.3*§ | 25.6 ± 4.9*§ | 17.1 ± 9.7*§¶ |
| Platelet-neutrophil aggregates | 6.8 ± 0.5 | 19.8 ± 1.3* | 19.4 ± 2.1* | 20.0 ± 1.7* | 21.8 ± 2.6* | 19.2 ± 1.5* | 16.3 ± 1.0* | 29.5 ± 3.5*§ | 28.1 ± 3.2*§ | 30.6 ± 9.5*§ |
| Platelet-monocyte aggregates | 5.1 ± 0.9 | 15.4 ± 1.2* | 14.4 ± 1.8* | 16.0 ± 1.6* | 20.1 ± 2.7* | 14.2 ± 1.3*‡ | 14.9 ± 1.3* | 17.1 ± 2.7*§ | 17.3 ± 3.1*§ | 16.2 ± 5.1*§ |
| Neutrophils with intracellular platelets | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 39.4 ± .5.0* | 36.1 ± 4.0* | 41.0 ± 3.2* | 42.3 ± 5.8* | 38.7 ± 2.9* | 48.6 ± 2.4* | 13.6 ± 2.3*§ | 16.5 ± 2.7*§ | 4.6 ± 0.9*§¶ |
| Monocytes with intracellular platelets | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 30.7 ± 2.7* | 28.2 ± 4.7* | 32.3 ± 3.3* | 37.4 ± 5.5* | 29.1 ± 3.1* | 36.3 ± 3.2* | 15.1 ± 3.6*§ | 15.8 ± 4.5*§ | 11.4 ± 4.3*§¶ |
| . | Healthy controls . | PV + ET patients . | PV . | ET . | JAK2 mutation . | History of thrombosis . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No . | Yes . | |||||||||
| Negative . | Positive . | . | All . | One episode . | Two episodes . | |||||
| N | 70 | 81 | 30 | 51 | 17 | 64 | 60 | 21 | 16 | 5 |
| Median age, y (range) | 65 (36-89) | 64 (36-88) | 64 (43-88) | 64 (36-89) | 59 (41-88) | 64 (36-89) | 64 (36-89) | 67 (41-88) | 66 (41-81) | 78 (53-88) |
| White blood cells, ×109/L | 6.2 ± 0.7 | 7.7 ± 0.4* | 8.0 ± 0.4* | 7.6 ± 0.5* | 8.0 ± 1.1* | 7.7 ± 0.4* | 7.9 ± 0.5* | 7.3 ± 0.5* | 7.1 ± 0.6* | 8.0 ± 0.9* |
| Granulocytes, ×109/L | 3.5 ± 0.3 | 5.6 ± 0.3* | 5.9 ± 0.4* | 5.5 ± 4.9* | 5.6 ± 0.9* | 5.7 ± 0.3* | 5.8 ± 0.4* | 5.4 ± 0.4* | 5.3 ± 0.4* | 5.4 ± 0.9* |
| Platelets, ×109/L | 223.1 ± 20.5 | 464.5 ± 35.9* | 347.1 ± 45.6* | 515 ± 45.1*† | 545.1 ± 78.0* | 450 ± 39.9*‡ | 467.9 ± 43.2* | 452.1 ± 58.7* | 482.6 ± 80.7* | 391.0 ± 49.5 |
| Platelets expressing P-selectin | 6.8 ± 0.8 | 23.9 ± 1.5* | 23.4 ± 1.8* | 24.2 ± 2.1* | 25.3 ± 3.1* | 23.5 ± 1.7* | 22.2 ± 1.6* | 29.0 ± 3.2*§ | 26.5 ± 3.5*§ | 36.1 ± 6.7*§ |
| Platelets expressing tissue factor | 3.9 ± 0.8 | 25.2 ± 3.2* | 31.4 ± 5.7* | 20.4 ± 3.3*† | 31.5 ± 7.9* | 24.0 ± 3.5*‡ | 21.6 ± 3.7* | 36.9 ± 6.3*§ | 35.0 ± 6.1*§ | 38.6 ± 5.0*§ |
| Platelets with bound fibrinogen | 3.1 ± 0.6 | 32.1 ± 2.2* | 33.5 ± 3.0* | 31.0 ± 3.1* | 20.4 ± 5.4* | 33.1 ± 2.4*‡ | 27.8 ± 2.2* | 44.2 ± 4.1*§ | 43.2 ± 5.1*§ | 48.0 ± 1.7*§ |
| Neutrophil MPO content | 159.9 ± 8.4 | 86.2 ± 8.0* | 98.2 ± 9.9* | 77.5 ± 11.6* | 98.6 ± 11.9* | 74.2 ± 6.7*‡ | 107.2 ± 6.7* | 55.1 ± 3.4*§ | 57.2 ± 5.8*§ | 52.1 ± 5.9*§ |
| Neutrophils with bound fibrinogen | 3.1 ± 0.8 | 28.1 ± 3.0* | 23.3 ± 3.7* | 29.9 ± 3.3*† | 29.1 ± 4.5* | 27.8 ± 3.6* | 19.7 ± 2.8* | 43.8 ± 4.8*§ | 43.4 ± 5.9*§ | 45.0 ± 8.4*§ |
| Neutrophils expressing tissue factor | 2.9 ± 0.6 | 21.1 ± 1.9* | 21.4 ± 3.3* | 20.8 ± 2.2* | 29.3 ± 4.7* | 19.5 ± 2.0*‡ | 18.1 ± 1.7* | 29.1 ± 4.8*§ | 29.3 ± 5.4*§ | 28.1 ± 12.2*§ |
| Monocytes with bound fibrinogen | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 22.8 ± 2.5* | 28.4 ± 4.2* | 21.1 ± 3.1*† | 21.2 ± 4.6* | 23.2 ± 2.9* | 19.7 ± 3.2* | 28.6 ± 3.8*§ | 30.2 ± 4.8*§ | 23.7 ± 5.7*§¶ |
| Monocytes expressing tissue factor | 2.4 ± 0.4 | 20.0 ± 2.0* | 21.3 ± 3.3* | 18.8 ± 2.5* | 23.0 ± 4.8* | 19.4 ± 2.3* | 18.5 ± 2.3* | 23.9 ± 4.3*§ | 25.6 ± 4.9*§ | 17.1 ± 9.7*§¶ |
| Platelet-neutrophil aggregates | 6.8 ± 0.5 | 19.8 ± 1.3* | 19.4 ± 2.1* | 20.0 ± 1.7* | 21.8 ± 2.6* | 19.2 ± 1.5* | 16.3 ± 1.0* | 29.5 ± 3.5*§ | 28.1 ± 3.2*§ | 30.6 ± 9.5*§ |
| Platelet-monocyte aggregates | 5.1 ± 0.9 | 15.4 ± 1.2* | 14.4 ± 1.8* | 16.0 ± 1.6* | 20.1 ± 2.7* | 14.2 ± 1.3*‡ | 14.9 ± 1.3* | 17.1 ± 2.7*§ | 17.3 ± 3.1*§ | 16.2 ± 5.1*§ |
| Neutrophils with intracellular platelets | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 39.4 ± .5.0* | 36.1 ± 4.0* | 41.0 ± 3.2* | 42.3 ± 5.8* | 38.7 ± 2.9* | 48.6 ± 2.4* | 13.6 ± 2.3*§ | 16.5 ± 2.7*§ | 4.6 ± 0.9*§¶ |
| Monocytes with intracellular platelets | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 30.7 ± 2.7* | 28.2 ± 4.7* | 32.3 ± 3.3* | 37.4 ± 5.5* | 29.1 ± 3.1* | 36.3 ± 3.2* | 15.1 ± 3.6*§ | 15.8 ± 4.5*§ | 11.4 ± 4.3*§¶ |
Results are expressed as mean ± SEM of the percentage of CD61+ platelets that express P-selectin, tissue factor; and fibrinogen; mean ± SEM arbitrary units of myeloperoxidase (MPO) fluorescence within CD66b+ neutrophils; mean ± SEM percentage of CD66b+ neutrophils that express tissue factor or fibrinogen, that form heterotypic aggregates with platelets, or that contain intracellular platelets; or mean ± SEM of the percentage of CD14+ monocytes that express tissue factor or fibrinogen, that form heterotypic aggregates with platelets, or that contain intracellular platelets.
Statistically different from control, P < 05.
Statistically different from patients with PV, P < .05.
Statistically different from patients without the JAK2 mutation, P < .05.
Statistically different from patients without previous thrombosis, P < .05.
Statistically different from patients with a single episode of thrombosis, P < .05.