Trafficking machinery involved in cytokine secretion from innate immune cells
| Molecule type . | Transport step mediated . | Cytokine . | Cell type . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-SNAREs | ||||
| VAMP-2 | Secretory vesicles, plasma membrane | CCL5 | Eosinophils | 9 |
| VAMP-3 | Recycling endosome, plasma membrane | IL-6, TNF | Macrophages | 10,11 |
| Recycling endosomes, plasma membrane | IFNγ, TNF | NK cells | 12 | |
| VAMP-8 | Secretory vesicle, plasma membrane | TNF | Macrophages | 13 |
| Vti1b | Golgi-recycling endosomes | TNF | Macrophages | 11,14 |
| Q-SNAREs | ||||
| SNAP-23 | Secretory vesicles, plasma membrane | CCL5 | Eosinophils | 15 |
| Secretory granules, plasma membrane | TNF | Mast cells | 16 | |
| Syntaxin-4 | Recycling endosomes, plasma membrane | TNF | Macrophages | 11,14,17 |
| Secretory vesicles, plasma membrane | CCL5 | Eosinophils | 15 | |
| Syntaxin-6 | Golgi-recycling endosomes | TNF | Macrophages | 11,14 |
| Syntaxin-7 | Golgi-recycling endosomes | TNF | Macrophages | 11 |
| Others | ||||
| Golgin p230 | Golgi-recycling endosomes | TNF | Macrophages | 18 |
| Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) | Golgi-recycling endosomes | TNF | Macrophages | 19 |
| Adaptor AP-1 | Recycling endosomes, plasma membrane | TNF | Macrophages | 20 |
| SNARE regulator SCAMP5 | Recycling endosomes, plasma membrane | TNF | Macrophages | 21 |
| SNARE regulator Munc18c | Recycling endosomes, plasma membrane | TNF | Macrophages | 17,22 |
| GTPase Rab11a | Recycling endosomes, plasma membrane | TNF | Macrophages | 11 |
| Recycling endosomes, plasma membrane | IFNγ, TNF | NK cells | 12 |
| Molecule type . | Transport step mediated . | Cytokine . | Cell type . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-SNAREs | ||||
| VAMP-2 | Secretory vesicles, plasma membrane | CCL5 | Eosinophils | 9 |
| VAMP-3 | Recycling endosome, plasma membrane | IL-6, TNF | Macrophages | 10,11 |
| Recycling endosomes, plasma membrane | IFNγ, TNF | NK cells | 12 | |
| VAMP-8 | Secretory vesicle, plasma membrane | TNF | Macrophages | 13 |
| Vti1b | Golgi-recycling endosomes | TNF | Macrophages | 11,14 |
| Q-SNAREs | ||||
| SNAP-23 | Secretory vesicles, plasma membrane | CCL5 | Eosinophils | 15 |
| Secretory granules, plasma membrane | TNF | Mast cells | 16 | |
| Syntaxin-4 | Recycling endosomes, plasma membrane | TNF | Macrophages | 11,14,17 |
| Secretory vesicles, plasma membrane | CCL5 | Eosinophils | 15 | |
| Syntaxin-6 | Golgi-recycling endosomes | TNF | Macrophages | 11,14 |
| Syntaxin-7 | Golgi-recycling endosomes | TNF | Macrophages | 11 |
| Others | ||||
| Golgin p230 | Golgi-recycling endosomes | TNF | Macrophages | 18 |
| Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) | Golgi-recycling endosomes | TNF | Macrophages | 19 |
| Adaptor AP-1 | Recycling endosomes, plasma membrane | TNF | Macrophages | 20 |
| SNARE regulator SCAMP5 | Recycling endosomes, plasma membrane | TNF | Macrophages | 21 |
| SNARE regulator Munc18c | Recycling endosomes, plasma membrane | TNF | Macrophages | 17,22 |
| GTPase Rab11a | Recycling endosomes, plasma membrane | TNF | Macrophages | 11 |
| Recycling endosomes, plasma membrane | IFNγ, TNF | NK cells | 12 |
Examples of specific SNAREs (R-SNAREs and Q-SNAREs) identified as part of the membrane fusion machinery required for vesicles or granules transporting cytokines from one membrane compartment to fuse with the next in classical secretory pathways are listed. Examples of “other” trafficking machinery components that have been implicated in cytokine trafficking are also listed.
SCAMP5 indicates secretory carrier membrane protein 5.