Patient characteristics and changes in CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts among HL cases and controls
| . | Study based on all cases . | Study based on selected cases* . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (n = 61) . | Controls (n = 1652) . | P† . | Cases (n = 18) . | Controls (n = 79) . | P† . | |
| Age, y (IQR) | 37.2 (33.1-42.1)‡ | 36.8 (32.8-43.5)‡ | — | 39.0 (34.4-49.5)‡ | 38.9 (34.6-46.5)‡ | — |
| Men, n (%) | 48 (79)‡ | 1 325 (80)‡ | — | 15 (83)‡ | 66 (84)‡ | — |
| Transmission group, n (%) | ||||||
| Injection-drug use | 14 (23)‡ | 339 (21)‡ | — | 5 (28)‡ | 19 (24)‡ | — |
| MSM | 19 (31)‡ | 550 (33)‡ | — | 5 (28)‡ | 22 (28)‡ | — |
| Heterosexual | 17 (28)‡ | 455 (28)‡ | — | 5 (28)‡ | 23 (29)‡ | — |
| Other/unknown | 11 (18)‡ | 308 (19)‡ | — | 3 (17)‡ | 15 (19)‡ | — |
| Duration of combination antiretroviral therapy, y (IQR) | 1.50 (0.59-3.41)‡ | 1.50 (0.56-3.36)‡ | — | 1.51 (1.03-3.36)‡ | 1.41 (1.03-3.36)‡ | — |
| AIDS at start of ART, n (%) | 18 (30)§ | 349 (21)§ | .12§ | 0‡ | 0‡ | — |
| Suppressed HIV-1 RNA load at reference date, n (%) | 35/48 (73)§ | 1 233/1 652 (75)§ | .79§ | 18/18 (100)‡ | 79/79 (100)‡ | — |
| CD4 count at start cART, cells/μL (IQR) | 167 (73-305)§ | 221 (87-372)§ | .15§ | 155 (86-259)‡ | 153 (82-272)‡ | — |
| Area under the log viral load curve (IQR) | 291 (58-1158)§ | 193 (0-718)§ | .045§ | 204 (43-316)§ | 192 (0-345)§ | .70§ |
| CD4 count at reference date, cells/μL (IQR) | 193 (55-328)§ | 383 (235-568)§ | .0001§ | 195 (76-268)§ | 369 (233-552)§ | .0004§ |
| CD4 count change per year after start cART, cells/μL (95% CI) | 175 (111-240)§ | 144 (131-157)§ | .99§ | 126 (62-189)§ | 140 (103-178)§ | .94§ |
| CD4 count change per year before reference date, cells/μL (95% CI) | −98 (−159 to −36)§ | 35 (24-46)§ | .0001§ | −99 (−196 to −1.5)§ | 59 (26-93)§ | .003§ |
| . | Study based on all cases . | Study based on selected cases* . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (n = 61) . | Controls (n = 1652) . | P† . | Cases (n = 18) . | Controls (n = 79) . | P† . | |
| Age, y (IQR) | 37.2 (33.1-42.1)‡ | 36.8 (32.8-43.5)‡ | — | 39.0 (34.4-49.5)‡ | 38.9 (34.6-46.5)‡ | — |
| Men, n (%) | 48 (79)‡ | 1 325 (80)‡ | — | 15 (83)‡ | 66 (84)‡ | — |
| Transmission group, n (%) | ||||||
| Injection-drug use | 14 (23)‡ | 339 (21)‡ | — | 5 (28)‡ | 19 (24)‡ | — |
| MSM | 19 (31)‡ | 550 (33)‡ | — | 5 (28)‡ | 22 (28)‡ | — |
| Heterosexual | 17 (28)‡ | 455 (28)‡ | — | 5 (28)‡ | 23 (29)‡ | — |
| Other/unknown | 11 (18)‡ | 308 (19)‡ | — | 3 (17)‡ | 15 (19)‡ | — |
| Duration of combination antiretroviral therapy, y (IQR) | 1.50 (0.59-3.41)‡ | 1.50 (0.56-3.36)‡ | — | 1.51 (1.03-3.36)‡ | 1.41 (1.03-3.36)‡ | — |
| AIDS at start of ART, n (%) | 18 (30)§ | 349 (21)§ | .12§ | 0‡ | 0‡ | — |
| Suppressed HIV-1 RNA load at reference date, n (%) | 35/48 (73)§ | 1 233/1 652 (75)§ | .79§ | 18/18 (100)‡ | 79/79 (100)‡ | — |
| CD4 count at start cART, cells/μL (IQR) | 167 (73-305)§ | 221 (87-372)§ | .15§ | 155 (86-259)‡ | 153 (82-272)‡ | — |
| Area under the log viral load curve (IQR) | 291 (58-1158)§ | 193 (0-718)§ | .045§ | 204 (43-316)§ | 192 (0-345)§ | .70§ |
| CD4 count at reference date, cells/μL (IQR) | 193 (55-328)§ | 383 (235-568)§ | .0001§ | 195 (76-268)§ | 369 (233-552)§ | .0004§ |
| CD4 count change per year after start cART, cells/μL (95% CI) | 175 (111-240)§ | 144 (131-157)§ | .99§ | 126 (62-189)§ | 140 (103-178)§ | .94§ |
| CD4 count change per year before reference date, cells/μL (95% CI) | −98 (−159 to −36)§ | 35 (24-46)§ | .0001§ | −99 (−196 to −1.5)§ | 59 (26-93)§ | .003§ |
Suppressed HIV-1 RNA load was defined as < 1000 copies/mL. The area under the log viral load curve was calculated for each period between 2 viral load measurements by multiplying the log of the mean viral load by the number of days between measurements and adding values across periods. Periods between 2 undetectable viral load measurements had an AUC of zero.
MSM indicates men having sex with men; and —, not applicable.
Patients free of AIDS who had been on cART for at least 90 days, with suppressed HIV-1 RNA viral load at the reference date (date of diagnosis of HL in cases or the date of identical length of follow-up since starting cART in controls).
P values for variables not used in matching cases and controls are shown (Kruskal-Wallis tests or χ2 tests).
Matched variables.
Unmatched variables.