Serum concentrations of cytokines in untreated and IFN-α–treated patients with ECD and controls
| Cytokine . | Cytokine concentration, pg/mL* . | P . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Untreated patients (n = 15) . | IFN-treated patients (n = 22) . | Healthy controls (n = 37) . | Untreated vs controls . | IFN-treated vs controls . | |
| TNF-α | 0.0 (0.0-68.0) | 0.0 (0.0-55.6) | 0.0 (0.0-15.6) | .03 | .11 |
| IL-1β | 0.0 (0.0-59.2) | 0.0 (0.0-819.6) | 12.1 (0.0-46.6) | .08 | .01 |
| IL-1RA | 326.3 (158.0-3259.1) | 405.7 (158.0-1918.6) | 189.8 (82.1-275.4) | .01 | < .0001† |
| IL-2 | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-130.3) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | > .999 | .19 |
| IL-4 | 9.6 (0.0-57.8) | 9.6 (0.0-291.1) | 33.6 (22.0-53.0) | < .0001† | < .0001† |
| IL-5 | 0.0 (0.0-6.1) | 0.0 (0.0-369.6) | 0.0 (0.0-7.4) | .59 | .64 |
| IL-6 | 16.1 (0.0-326.7) | 0.0 (0.0-1394.8) | 0.0 (0.0-19.0) | .0002† | .22 |
| IL-7 | 0.0 (0.0-113.6) | 0.0 (0.0-751.7) | 130.2 (94.4-290.6) | < .0001† | < .0001† |
| IL-8 | 29.0 (0.0-898.4) | 30.3 (0.0-2342.6) | 39.8 (0.0-333.6) | .72 | .95 |
| IL-10 | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-106.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | > .999 | .20 |
| IL-12 | 179.4 (134.8-986.8) | 192.1 (90.2-457.6) | 76.2 (44.0-118.8) | < .0001† | < .0001† |
| IL-13 | 36.0 (0.06-144.2) | 36.0 (0.0-714.0) | 21.0 (0.0-58.3) | .05 | < .0001† |
| IL-15 | 0.0 (0.0-78.4) | 0.0 (0.0-391.4) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | .02 | .02 |
| IL-17 | 33.0 (0.0-348.8) | 9.2 (0.0-210.6) | 22.8 (0.0-71.3) | .08 | .91 |
| IFN-α | 111.0 (82.8-331.2) | 239.8 (60.0-2065.8) | 20.9 (13.4-41.0) | < .0001† | < .0001† |
| IFN-γ | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-20.3) | .26 | .17 |
| IP-10 | 25.4 (0.0-342.2) | 38.3 (11.5-261.0) | 10.6 (0.0-49.2) | .02 | < .0001† |
| MCP-1 | 460.3 (200.1-2657.0) | 492.4 (104.9-3405.2) | 220.6 (106.5-376.5) | < .0001† | < .0001† |
| MIG | 52.2 (0.0-883.7) | 52.2 (0.0-141.8) | 49.9 (28.6-67.5) | .14 | .76 |
| MIP-1α | 61.3 (47.8-274.7) | 58.7 (0.0-440.6) | 83.6 (58.8-98.7) | .02 | .0009† |
| MIP-1β | 30.0 (0.0-132.8) | 32.1 (0.0-546.0) | 30.4 (0.0-76.9) | .94 | .66 |
| Eotaxin | 62.8 (0.0-220.8) | 53.1 (20.3-646.9) | 95.6 (26.0-219.2) | .03 | .003 |
| GM-CSF | 23.0 (0.0-208.2) | 0.0 (0.0-341.0) | 0.0 (0.0-57.6) | .10 | .35 |
| Cytokine . | Cytokine concentration, pg/mL* . | P . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Untreated patients (n = 15) . | IFN-treated patients (n = 22) . | Healthy controls (n = 37) . | Untreated vs controls . | IFN-treated vs controls . | |
| TNF-α | 0.0 (0.0-68.0) | 0.0 (0.0-55.6) | 0.0 (0.0-15.6) | .03 | .11 |
| IL-1β | 0.0 (0.0-59.2) | 0.0 (0.0-819.6) | 12.1 (0.0-46.6) | .08 | .01 |
| IL-1RA | 326.3 (158.0-3259.1) | 405.7 (158.0-1918.6) | 189.8 (82.1-275.4) | .01 | < .0001† |
| IL-2 | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-130.3) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | > .999 | .19 |
| IL-4 | 9.6 (0.0-57.8) | 9.6 (0.0-291.1) | 33.6 (22.0-53.0) | < .0001† | < .0001† |
| IL-5 | 0.0 (0.0-6.1) | 0.0 (0.0-369.6) | 0.0 (0.0-7.4) | .59 | .64 |
| IL-6 | 16.1 (0.0-326.7) | 0.0 (0.0-1394.8) | 0.0 (0.0-19.0) | .0002† | .22 |
| IL-7 | 0.0 (0.0-113.6) | 0.0 (0.0-751.7) | 130.2 (94.4-290.6) | < .0001† | < .0001† |
| IL-8 | 29.0 (0.0-898.4) | 30.3 (0.0-2342.6) | 39.8 (0.0-333.6) | .72 | .95 |
| IL-10 | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-106.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | > .999 | .20 |
| IL-12 | 179.4 (134.8-986.8) | 192.1 (90.2-457.6) | 76.2 (44.0-118.8) | < .0001† | < .0001† |
| IL-13 | 36.0 (0.06-144.2) | 36.0 (0.0-714.0) | 21.0 (0.0-58.3) | .05 | < .0001† |
| IL-15 | 0.0 (0.0-78.4) | 0.0 (0.0-391.4) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | .02 | .02 |
| IL-17 | 33.0 (0.0-348.8) | 9.2 (0.0-210.6) | 22.8 (0.0-71.3) | .08 | .91 |
| IFN-α | 111.0 (82.8-331.2) | 239.8 (60.0-2065.8) | 20.9 (13.4-41.0) | < .0001† | < .0001† |
| IFN-γ | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-20.3) | .26 | .17 |
| IP-10 | 25.4 (0.0-342.2) | 38.3 (11.5-261.0) | 10.6 (0.0-49.2) | .02 | < .0001† |
| MCP-1 | 460.3 (200.1-2657.0) | 492.4 (104.9-3405.2) | 220.6 (106.5-376.5) | < .0001† | < .0001† |
| MIG | 52.2 (0.0-883.7) | 52.2 (0.0-141.8) | 49.9 (28.6-67.5) | .14 | .76 |
| MIP-1α | 61.3 (47.8-274.7) | 58.7 (0.0-440.6) | 83.6 (58.8-98.7) | .02 | .0009† |
| MIP-1β | 30.0 (0.0-132.8) | 32.1 (0.0-546.0) | 30.4 (0.0-76.9) | .94 | .66 |
| Eotaxin | 62.8 (0.0-220.8) | 53.1 (20.3-646.9) | 95.6 (26.0-219.2) | .03 | .003 |
| GM-CSF | 23.0 (0.0-208.2) | 0.0 (0.0-341.0) | 0.0 (0.0-57.6) | .10 | .35 |
MIP indicates macrophage-inflammatory protein; MIG, monokine induced by IFN-γ; and GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Expressed in median (minimum-maximum). Samples with nondetectable cytokine levels were considered to be 0.0 pg/mL.
Values remain significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing.