Baseline demographic characteristics of asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers
| Variable . | Male, no. (%) . | Female, no. (%) . |
|---|---|---|
| Total | 426 | 792 |
| Age, y | ||
| Younger than 40 | 48 (11.3) | 119 (15.0) |
| 40-49 | 70 (16.4) | 130 (16.4) |
| 50-59 | 99 (23.2) | 174 (22.0) |
| 60-69 | 88 (20.7) | 172 (21.7) |
| 70 or older | 121 (28.4) | 197 (24.9) |
| Place of enrollment | ||
| Northern area | 10 (2.3) | 32 (4.0) |
| Metropolitan area | 75 (17.6) | 144 (18.1) |
| Southern area | 333 (78.2) | 597 (75.4) |
| Other areas | 8 (1.9) | 19 (2.4) |
| Birthplace of participants | ||
| Northern area | 18 (4.2) | 33 (4.2) |
| Metropolitan area | 30 (7.0) | 80 (10.1) |
| Southern area | 240 (56.3) | 400 (50.5) |
| Other areas | 20 (4.7) | 54 (6.8) |
| Unknown | 118 (27.7) | 225 (28.4) |
| Birthplace of participants' mothers | ||
| Northern area | 16 (3.8) | 32 (4.0) |
| Metropolitan area | 13 (3.1) | 39 (4.9) |
| Southern area | 247 (58.0) | 426 (53.8) |
| Other areas | 28 (6.6) | 64 (8.1) |
| Unknown | 122 (28.6) | 231 (29.2) |
| First opportunity for HTLV-1 testing | ||
| Screening for HTLV-1 | 209 (49.1) | 452 (57.1) |
| Regional mass screening | 77 | 164 |
| Multiphasic screening | 24 | 44 |
| Blood donor screening | 108 | 128 |
| Maternal screening | 0 | 116 |
| Revelation of HTLV-1–positive family | 33 (7.7) | 101 (12.7) |
| During treatment of other diseases | 117 (27.5) | 148 (18.7) |
| Unknown | 67 (15.7) | 91 (11.5) |
| Family history of HTLV-1–associated diseases* | ||
| Absent | 98 (23.0) | 154 (19.5) |
| Absent for a first-degree relative but having an infected spouse | 6 (1.4) | 23 (2.9) |
| Carrier only | 27 (6.3) | 74 (9.3) |
| HU/HAU only | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.1) |
| HAM | 2 (0.5) | 7 (0.9) |
| ATL | 34 (8.0) | 74 (9.3) |
| Leukemia or lymphoma | 9 (2.1) | 26 (3.3) |
| Unknown family history | 248 (58.2) | 433 (54.7) |
| Comorbidity† | ||
| Absent | 331 (77.7) | 630 (79.5) |
| Present | 95 (22.3) | 162 (20.5) |
| Infectious diseases | 20 | 25 |
| Autoimmune diseases | 3 | 26 |
| Malignant diseases | 36 | 44 |
| Skin diseases | 8 | 8 |
| Other disease | 28 | 59 |
| Variable . | Male, no. (%) . | Female, no. (%) . |
|---|---|---|
| Total | 426 | 792 |
| Age, y | ||
| Younger than 40 | 48 (11.3) | 119 (15.0) |
| 40-49 | 70 (16.4) | 130 (16.4) |
| 50-59 | 99 (23.2) | 174 (22.0) |
| 60-69 | 88 (20.7) | 172 (21.7) |
| 70 or older | 121 (28.4) | 197 (24.9) |
| Place of enrollment | ||
| Northern area | 10 (2.3) | 32 (4.0) |
| Metropolitan area | 75 (17.6) | 144 (18.1) |
| Southern area | 333 (78.2) | 597 (75.4) |
| Other areas | 8 (1.9) | 19 (2.4) |
| Birthplace of participants | ||
| Northern area | 18 (4.2) | 33 (4.2) |
| Metropolitan area | 30 (7.0) | 80 (10.1) |
| Southern area | 240 (56.3) | 400 (50.5) |
| Other areas | 20 (4.7) | 54 (6.8) |
| Unknown | 118 (27.7) | 225 (28.4) |
| Birthplace of participants' mothers | ||
| Northern area | 16 (3.8) | 32 (4.0) |
| Metropolitan area | 13 (3.1) | 39 (4.9) |
| Southern area | 247 (58.0) | 426 (53.8) |
| Other areas | 28 (6.6) | 64 (8.1) |
| Unknown | 122 (28.6) | 231 (29.2) |
| First opportunity for HTLV-1 testing | ||
| Screening for HTLV-1 | 209 (49.1) | 452 (57.1) |
| Regional mass screening | 77 | 164 |
| Multiphasic screening | 24 | 44 |
| Blood donor screening | 108 | 128 |
| Maternal screening | 0 | 116 |
| Revelation of HTLV-1–positive family | 33 (7.7) | 101 (12.7) |
| During treatment of other diseases | 117 (27.5) | 148 (18.7) |
| Unknown | 67 (15.7) | 91 (11.5) |
| Family history of HTLV-1–associated diseases* | ||
| Absent | 98 (23.0) | 154 (19.5) |
| Absent for a first-degree relative but having an infected spouse | 6 (1.4) | 23 (2.9) |
| Carrier only | 27 (6.3) | 74 (9.3) |
| HU/HAU only | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.1) |
| HAM | 2 (0.5) | 7 (0.9) |
| ATL | 34 (8.0) | 74 (9.3) |
| Leukemia or lymphoma | 9 (2.1) | 26 (3.3) |
| Unknown family history | 248 (58.2) | 433 (54.7) |
| Comorbidity† | ||
| Absent | 331 (77.7) | 630 (79.5) |
| Present | 95 (22.3) | 162 (20.5) |
| Infectious diseases | 20 | 25 |
| Autoimmune diseases | 3 | 26 |
| Malignant diseases | 36 | 44 |
| Skin diseases | 8 | 8 |
| Other disease | 28 | 59 |
HTLV-1 indicates human T-cell leukemia virus type 1; HU, HTLV-1 uveitis; HAU, HTLV-1–associated uveitis; HAM, HTLV-1 myelopathy; and ATL, adult T-cell leukemia.
Family history was restricted to a first-degree relative. “Present” indicates that participants have a parent, sibling, or offspring diagnosed with HTLV-1-associated diseases. Family members with HAM and HU/HAU were included into the category of “HAM.” Family members with ATL and HAM and/or HU/HAU were included into the category of “ATL.”
Comorbidity indicates that participants have any diseases other than HTLV-1–associated diseases at enrollment.