Clinical characteristics and treatment of the SLE patients and healthy controls at the time point of blood sampling. Items included in SLEDAI are shown
| . | Cohort I (n = 10) . | Cohort II (n = 69) . | Controls I (n = 10) . | Controls II (n = 69) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age, y (range) | 36 (22-70) | 51 (20-84) | 36 (22-70) | 53 (19-79) |
| Female, % | 100 | 87 | 100 | 87 |
| Male, % | 0 | 13 | 0 | 13 |
| Median disease duration, y (range) | 4 (1-20) | 13 (0-49) | ||
| Median SLEDAI score (range) | 2 (0-14) | 2 (0-14) | ||
| Seizure | 0 | 0 | ||
| Psychosis | 0 | 0 | ||
| Organic brain syndrome | 0 | 0 | ||
| Visual disturbance | 0 | 1 | ||
| Cranial nerve disorder | 0 | 0 | ||
| Lupus headache | 0 | 0 | ||
| Cerebrovascular accident | 0 | 0 | ||
| Vasculitis | 2 | 2 | ||
| Arthritis | 0 | 8 | ||
| Myositis | 1 | 0 | ||
| Kidney involvement (urinary cast, hematuria, proteinuria or pyuria) | 2 | 12 | ||
| Mucocutaneous activity (rash, alopecia or mucosal ulcers) | 3 | 10 | ||
| Pleurisy | 0 | 0 | ||
| Pericarditis | 0 | 0 | ||
| Low complement (C3 or C4) | 3 | 19 | ||
| Anti-DNA antibodies | 1 | 15 | ||
| Fever | 0 | 1 | ||
| Thrombocytopenia | 0 | 1 | ||
| Leukopenia | 0 | 3 | ||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 4 | 46 | ||
| Azathioprine | 0 | 19 | ||
| Mycophenolatmofetil | 1 | 6 | ||
| Rituximab (within 12 mo) | 0 | 1 | ||
| Methotrexate | 0 | 6 | ||
| Cyclophosphamide | 1 | 3 | ||
| Cyclosporin A | 1 | 2 | ||
| NSAIDs | 0 | 12 | ||
| Acetylsalicylic acid | 2 | 13 | ||
| Warfarin | 1 | 24 |
| . | Cohort I (n = 10) . | Cohort II (n = 69) . | Controls I (n = 10) . | Controls II (n = 69) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age, y (range) | 36 (22-70) | 51 (20-84) | 36 (22-70) | 53 (19-79) |
| Female, % | 100 | 87 | 100 | 87 |
| Male, % | 0 | 13 | 0 | 13 |
| Median disease duration, y (range) | 4 (1-20) | 13 (0-49) | ||
| Median SLEDAI score (range) | 2 (0-14) | 2 (0-14) | ||
| Seizure | 0 | 0 | ||
| Psychosis | 0 | 0 | ||
| Organic brain syndrome | 0 | 0 | ||
| Visual disturbance | 0 | 1 | ||
| Cranial nerve disorder | 0 | 0 | ||
| Lupus headache | 0 | 0 | ||
| Cerebrovascular accident | 0 | 0 | ||
| Vasculitis | 2 | 2 | ||
| Arthritis | 0 | 8 | ||
| Myositis | 1 | 0 | ||
| Kidney involvement (urinary cast, hematuria, proteinuria or pyuria) | 2 | 12 | ||
| Mucocutaneous activity (rash, alopecia or mucosal ulcers) | 3 | 10 | ||
| Pleurisy | 0 | 0 | ||
| Pericarditis | 0 | 0 | ||
| Low complement (C3 or C4) | 3 | 19 | ||
| Anti-DNA antibodies | 1 | 15 | ||
| Fever | 0 | 1 | ||
| Thrombocytopenia | 0 | 1 | ||
| Leukopenia | 0 | 3 | ||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 4 | 46 | ||
| Azathioprine | 0 | 19 | ||
| Mycophenolatmofetil | 1 | 6 | ||
| Rituximab (within 12 mo) | 0 | 1 | ||
| Methotrexate | 0 | 6 | ||
| Cyclophosphamide | 1 | 3 | ||
| Cyclosporin A | 1 | 2 | ||
| NSAIDs | 0 | 12 | ||
| Acetylsalicylic acid | 2 | 13 | ||
| Warfarin | 1 | 24 |
SLE indicates systemic lupus erythematosus; SLEDAI, SLE Disease Activity Index; and NSAIDs, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.