Relation between MRD levels and presenting features or study protocol in patients with B-lineage ALL with less than 0.01% MRD at the end of remission induction therapy
| Variable . | No. (%) of patients studied (n = 379) . | MRD on day 46 . | P* . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Less than 0.001% or undetectable (n = 316) . | 0.001% to less than 0.01% (n = 63) . | |||
| Age at diagnosis | ||||
| Less than 1 y | 2 (0.5) | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0) | .688 |
| 1 to 9 y | 309 (81.5) | 259 (82.0) | 50 (79.4) | |
| 10 y or more | 68 (17.9) | 55 (17.4) | 13 (20.6) | |
| Race | ||||
| White | 301 (79.4) | 249 (78.8) | 52 (82.5) | .402 |
| Black | 55 (14.5) | 49 (15.5) | 6 (9.5) | |
| Other | 23 (6.1) | 18 (5.7) | 5 (7.9) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 186 (49.1) | 153 (48.4) | 33 (52.4) | .566 |
| Female | 193 (50.9) | 163 (51.6) | 30 (47.6) | |
| WBCs, ×109/L | ||||
| Less than 50 | 307 (81.0) | 254 (80.4) | 53 (84.1) | .599 |
| 50 or more | 72 (19.0) | 62 (19.6) | 10 (15.9) | |
| CNS status | ||||
| CNS-2, -3 | 105 (27.7) | 87 (27.5) | 18 (28.6) | .866 |
| CNS-1 | 274 (72.3) | 229 (72.5) | 45 (71.4) | |
| DNA index | ||||
| 1.16 or more | 112 (29.6) | 98 (31.0) | 14 (22.2) | .163 |
| Other | 267 (70.4) | 218 (69.0) | 49 (77.8) | |
| t(9;22) or BCR-ABL1 | ||||
| Absent | 374 (98.7) | 312 (98.7) | 62 (98.4) | .838 |
| Present | 5 (1.3) | 4 (1.3) | 1 (1.6) | |
| ETV6-RUNX1 | ||||
| Absent | 258 (68.1) | 218 (69.0) | 40 (63.5) | .564 |
| Present | 105 (27.7) | 86 (27.2) | 19 (30.2) | |
| Unknown | 16 (4.2) | 12 (3.8) | 4 (6.3) | |
| t(4;11) or MLL-AFF1 | ||||
| Absent | 378 (99.7) | 315 (99.7) | 63 (100.0) | .655 |
| Present | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | |
| t(1;19) or TCF3-PBX1 | ||||
| Absent | 351 (92.6) | 291 (92.1) | 60 (95.2) | .383 |
| Present | 28 (7.4) | 25 (7.9) | 3 (4.8) | |
| IKZF1 deletions† | ||||
| No | 229 (89.1) | 167 (94.9) | 34 (89.5) | .254 |
| Yes | 28 (10.9) | 9 (5.1) | 4 (10.5) | |
| NCI risk criteria | ||||
| Standard | 251 (66.2) | 208 (65.8) | 43 (68.3) | .757 |
| High | 126 (33.2) | 106 (33.5) | 20 (31.7) | |
| Not applicable‡ | 2 (0.5) | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0) | |
| Study protocol | ||||
| Total 13A | 13 (3.4) | 12 (3.8) | 1 (1.6) | .077 |
| Total 13B | 48 (12.7) | 41 (13.0) | 7 (11.1) | |
| Total 14 | 25 (6.6) | 25 (7.9) | 0 (0) | |
| Total 15 | 293 (77.3) | 238 (75.3) | 55 (87.3) | |
| Variable . | No. (%) of patients studied (n = 379) . | MRD on day 46 . | P* . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Less than 0.001% or undetectable (n = 316) . | 0.001% to less than 0.01% (n = 63) . | |||
| Age at diagnosis | ||||
| Less than 1 y | 2 (0.5) | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0) | .688 |
| 1 to 9 y | 309 (81.5) | 259 (82.0) | 50 (79.4) | |
| 10 y or more | 68 (17.9) | 55 (17.4) | 13 (20.6) | |
| Race | ||||
| White | 301 (79.4) | 249 (78.8) | 52 (82.5) | .402 |
| Black | 55 (14.5) | 49 (15.5) | 6 (9.5) | |
| Other | 23 (6.1) | 18 (5.7) | 5 (7.9) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 186 (49.1) | 153 (48.4) | 33 (52.4) | .566 |
| Female | 193 (50.9) | 163 (51.6) | 30 (47.6) | |
| WBCs, ×109/L | ||||
| Less than 50 | 307 (81.0) | 254 (80.4) | 53 (84.1) | .599 |
| 50 or more | 72 (19.0) | 62 (19.6) | 10 (15.9) | |
| CNS status | ||||
| CNS-2, -3 | 105 (27.7) | 87 (27.5) | 18 (28.6) | .866 |
| CNS-1 | 274 (72.3) | 229 (72.5) | 45 (71.4) | |
| DNA index | ||||
| 1.16 or more | 112 (29.6) | 98 (31.0) | 14 (22.2) | .163 |
| Other | 267 (70.4) | 218 (69.0) | 49 (77.8) | |
| t(9;22) or BCR-ABL1 | ||||
| Absent | 374 (98.7) | 312 (98.7) | 62 (98.4) | .838 |
| Present | 5 (1.3) | 4 (1.3) | 1 (1.6) | |
| ETV6-RUNX1 | ||||
| Absent | 258 (68.1) | 218 (69.0) | 40 (63.5) | .564 |
| Present | 105 (27.7) | 86 (27.2) | 19 (30.2) | |
| Unknown | 16 (4.2) | 12 (3.8) | 4 (6.3) | |
| t(4;11) or MLL-AFF1 | ||||
| Absent | 378 (99.7) | 315 (99.7) | 63 (100.0) | .655 |
| Present | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | |
| t(1;19) or TCF3-PBX1 | ||||
| Absent | 351 (92.6) | 291 (92.1) | 60 (95.2) | .383 |
| Present | 28 (7.4) | 25 (7.9) | 3 (4.8) | |
| IKZF1 deletions† | ||||
| No | 229 (89.1) | 167 (94.9) | 34 (89.5) | .254 |
| Yes | 28 (10.9) | 9 (5.1) | 4 (10.5) | |
| NCI risk criteria | ||||
| Standard | 251 (66.2) | 208 (65.8) | 43 (68.3) | .757 |
| High | 126 (33.2) | 106 (33.5) | 20 (31.7) | |
| Not applicable‡ | 2 (0.5) | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0) | |
| Study protocol | ||||
| Total 13A | 13 (3.4) | 12 (3.8) | 1 (1.6) | .077 |
| Total 13B | 48 (12.7) | 41 (13.0) | 7 (11.1) | |
| Total 14 | 25 (6.6) | 25 (7.9) | 0 (0) | |
| Total 15 | 293 (77.3) | 238 (75.3) | 55 (87.3) | |
MRD indicates minimal residual disease; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; WBC, white blood cell; CNS, central nervous system; and NCI, National Cancer Institute.
Pearson χ2 test or Fisher exact test; cases classified as “unknown” and “not applicable” were excluded.
Not tested in all patients included in this study.
NCI risk classification does not apply to patients younger than 1 year.