Management, complications, and outcomes of moderate and severe DS
| . | No DS (n = 556) . | Moderate DS (n = 90) . | Overall (n = 93) . | P* . | Early severe DS (n = 50) . | Late severe DS (n = 43) . | P† . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Management of DS | |||||||
| ATRA withdrawal, no. (%) | 87 (16) | 54 (60) | 60 (64) | < .001 | 39 (78) | 21 (49) | .003 |
| ATRA duration shorter than 30 days, no. (%)‡ | 100 (26) | 36 (49) | 36 (60) | < .001 | 11 (48) | 15 (68) | .87 |
| Intravenous dexamethasone, no. (%) | 90 (16) | 74 (82) | 84 (90) | < .001 | 46 (92) | 38 (88) | .55 |
| Diuretics, no. (%) | NA | 60 (67) | 81 (87) | .001 | 43 (86) | 38 (88) | .73 |
| Dialysis, no. (%) | NA | 1 (1) | 11 (12) | .003 | 8 (16) | 3 (7) | .18 |
| Mechanical ventilation, no. (%) | NA | 7 (8) | 24 (26) | .002 | 18 (36) | 6 (14) | .02 |
| Outcome and complications of DS | |||||||
| Death during induction, no. (%) | 37 (7) | 5 (6) | 24 (26) | < .001 | 20 (40) | 4 (9) | .001 |
| Death due to DS, no. (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 10 (11) | < .001 | 8 (16) | 2 (5) | .08 |
| Death due to hemorrhage, no. (%) | 22 (4) | 5 (6) | 10 (11) | .02 | 9 (18) | 1 (2) | .04 |
| Death due to infection, no. (%) | 14 (2) | 0 (0) | 3 (3) | .27 | 2 (4) | 1 (2) | .99 |
| Thrombosis during induction, no. (%) | 18 (3) | 3 (3) | 9 (10) | .008 | 5 (10) | 4 (9) | .91 |
| Grade 3-4 hepatotoxicity,§ no. (%) | 24 (5) | 5 (6) | 11 (14) | .01 | 5 (12) | 6 (15) | .65 |
| Hospital days during induction, mean‡ | 35.7 | 34.4 | 38.2 | .06 | 35.6 | 40.4 | .06 |
| Days to PMNs greater than 1 × 109/L, mean‡ | 23.5 | 21.6 | 20.0 | .003 | 20.5 | 19.7 | .61 |
| Days to platelets greater than 50 × 109/L, mean‡ | 18.7 | 17.8 | 19.9 | .11 | 19.3 | 20.5 | .35 |
| Transfused platelet units during induction, mean‡ | 40.7 | 44.5 | 58.9 | .007 | 60.2 | 57.8 | .98 |
| Transfused plasma units during induction, mean‡ | 4.4 | 10.1 | 12.7 | < .001 | 19.1 | 6.5 | .01 |
| Transfused RBC units during induction, mean‡ | 9.2 | 10.3 | 12.3 | < .001 | 13.1 | 11.7 | .92 |
| . | No DS (n = 556) . | Moderate DS (n = 90) . | Overall (n = 93) . | P* . | Early severe DS (n = 50) . | Late severe DS (n = 43) . | P† . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Management of DS | |||||||
| ATRA withdrawal, no. (%) | 87 (16) | 54 (60) | 60 (64) | < .001 | 39 (78) | 21 (49) | .003 |
| ATRA duration shorter than 30 days, no. (%)‡ | 100 (26) | 36 (49) | 36 (60) | < .001 | 11 (48) | 15 (68) | .87 |
| Intravenous dexamethasone, no. (%) | 90 (16) | 74 (82) | 84 (90) | < .001 | 46 (92) | 38 (88) | .55 |
| Diuretics, no. (%) | NA | 60 (67) | 81 (87) | .001 | 43 (86) | 38 (88) | .73 |
| Dialysis, no. (%) | NA | 1 (1) | 11 (12) | .003 | 8 (16) | 3 (7) | .18 |
| Mechanical ventilation, no. (%) | NA | 7 (8) | 24 (26) | .002 | 18 (36) | 6 (14) | .02 |
| Outcome and complications of DS | |||||||
| Death during induction, no. (%) | 37 (7) | 5 (6) | 24 (26) | < .001 | 20 (40) | 4 (9) | .001 |
| Death due to DS, no. (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 10 (11) | < .001 | 8 (16) | 2 (5) | .08 |
| Death due to hemorrhage, no. (%) | 22 (4) | 5 (6) | 10 (11) | .02 | 9 (18) | 1 (2) | .04 |
| Death due to infection, no. (%) | 14 (2) | 0 (0) | 3 (3) | .27 | 2 (4) | 1 (2) | .99 |
| Thrombosis during induction, no. (%) | 18 (3) | 3 (3) | 9 (10) | .008 | 5 (10) | 4 (9) | .91 |
| Grade 3-4 hepatotoxicity,§ no. (%) | 24 (5) | 5 (6) | 11 (14) | .01 | 5 (12) | 6 (15) | .65 |
| Hospital days during induction, mean‡ | 35.7 | 34.4 | 38.2 | .06 | 35.6 | 40.4 | .06 |
| Days to PMNs greater than 1 × 109/L, mean‡ | 23.5 | 21.6 | 20.0 | .003 | 20.5 | 19.7 | .61 |
| Days to platelets greater than 50 × 109/L, mean‡ | 18.7 | 17.8 | 19.9 | .11 | 19.3 | 20.5 | .35 |
| Transfused platelet units during induction, mean‡ | 40.7 | 44.5 | 58.9 | .007 | 60.2 | 57.8 | .98 |
| Transfused plasma units during induction, mean‡ | 4.4 | 10.1 | 12.7 | < .001 | 19.1 | 6.5 | .01 |
| Transfused RBC units during induction, mean‡ | 9.2 | 10.3 | 12.3 | < .001 | 13.1 | 11.7 | .92 |