Characteristics of the pathogenic sickle red cell
| Red cell characteristic . | Effects . |
|---|---|
| Cell dehydration | Increased dynamic rigidity; increased hemoglobin polymer formation and sickling; increased blood viscosity |
| Hemoglobin polymer formation | Sickle shape; mechanical obstruction of small-caliber vessels; hemolysis; vaso-occlusion |
| Young age | Increased expression of adhesion receptors; increased content of signaling molecules; activation of adhesion receptors |
| Surface phosphatidylserine exposure | Thrombogenic potential; activation of coagulation cascade; adhesion |
| Adhesive properties | Abnormal interactions with other blood cells (monocytes, neutrophils, platelets) and endothelium; vaso-occlusion; inflammation |
| Oxidatively damaged membrane | Defect in NO transport and delivery; abnormal cell rheology; vasoconstriction; inflammation |
| Abnormal cell-cell signaling | Activation of endothelial cells and monocytes; inflammation; vasoconstriction |
| Red cell characteristic . | Effects . |
|---|---|
| Cell dehydration | Increased dynamic rigidity; increased hemoglobin polymer formation and sickling; increased blood viscosity |
| Hemoglobin polymer formation | Sickle shape; mechanical obstruction of small-caliber vessels; hemolysis; vaso-occlusion |
| Young age | Increased expression of adhesion receptors; increased content of signaling molecules; activation of adhesion receptors |
| Surface phosphatidylserine exposure | Thrombogenic potential; activation of coagulation cascade; adhesion |
| Adhesive properties | Abnormal interactions with other blood cells (monocytes, neutrophils, platelets) and endothelium; vaso-occlusion; inflammation |
| Oxidatively damaged membrane | Defect in NO transport and delivery; abnormal cell rheology; vasoconstriction; inflammation |
| Abnormal cell-cell signaling | Activation of endothelial cells and monocytes; inflammation; vasoconstriction |