| “Best supportive care”: transfusions, antibiotics |
| Hematopoietic growth factors: erythropoietin, darbepoetin, G-CSF |
| Transcriptional modifying therapy |
| Hypomethylating agents: 5-azacytidine,* decitabine* |
| Histone deacetylase inhibitors† |
| Immunomodulatory agents: lenalidomide,* ATG, CsA, thalidomide |
| Low-dose chemotherapy (low-dose cytarabine) |
| Intensive (AML-like) chemotherapy [such as cytarabine (7 days) + an anthracycline (3 days)] |
| Allogeneic blood or marrow cell transplantation (rarely autologous blood cell transplantation) |
| “Best supportive care”: transfusions, antibiotics |
| Hematopoietic growth factors: erythropoietin, darbepoetin, G-CSF |
| Transcriptional modifying therapy |
| Hypomethylating agents: 5-azacytidine,* decitabine* |
| Histone deacetylase inhibitors† |
| Immunomodulatory agents: lenalidomide,* ATG, CsA, thalidomide |
| Low-dose chemotherapy (low-dose cytarabine) |
| Intensive (AML-like) chemotherapy [such as cytarabine (7 days) + an anthracycline (3 days)] |
| Allogeneic blood or marrow cell transplantation (rarely autologous blood cell transplantation) |
FDA approved for the treatment of MDS.
Only available on clinical trial; see www.clinicaltrials.gov for a listing of available investigation agents.