Prevention of hind paw inflammation by combined intravenous and subcutaneous administration of clodronate liposomes
. | . | Clodronate . | . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic . | Control . | Intraperitoneal injection only* . | Intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injection* . | |
| Paws, no. | 32 | 48 | 12 | |
| Median onset, d, 95% CIs | 42 ± 8 | 40 ± 6 | ND | |
| Affected at 8 wk†, % | 66 | 66 | 0§ | |
| Severe inflammation‡, % | 43 | 40 | 0∥ | |
. | . | Clodronate . | . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic . | Control . | Intraperitoneal injection only* . | Intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injection* . | |
| Paws, no. | 32 | 48 | 12 | |
| Median onset, d, 95% CIs | 42 ± 8 | 40 ± 6 | ND | |
| Affected at 8 wk†, % | 66 | 66 | 0§ | |
| Severe inflammation‡, % | 43 | 40 | 0∥ | |
ND indicates no disease.
Injection intraperitoneally twice and subcutaneously once weekly for 4 weeks. Controls were injected intraperitoneally or subcutaneously, or both, with PBS liposomes
End of observation period
Grade 3 or 4 (grades: 0, no inflammation; 1, slight restricted redness; 2, redness and swelling; 3, redness and massive swelling or affecting large areas; 4, redness and massive swelling or affecting large areas plus extended oozing or necrosis)
P < .001; Kaplan-Meier analysis with post hoc log rank test
P < .01; χ2 analysis and Fisher exact test