Risk factors for thrombosis in children
Time-limited risk factors |
| Indwelling catheters |
| Infection |
| Postinfectious transient antiphospholipid antibodies |
| Surgery |
| Surgically correctable congenital heart disease |
| Ongoing risk factors |
| Thrombophilia |
| Genetic thrombophilia |
| Factor V Leiden, prothrombin 20210 mutation |
| Deficient/dysfunctional antithrombin, protein C, protein S |
| Elevations in lipoprotein (a), homocysteine |
| Other less common genetic disorders of coagulation regulation or fibrinolysis |
| Acquired thrombophilia (genetic contributions are variable) |
| Markers of inflammation (elevations in factor VIII, D-dimer, C-reactive protein) |
| Primary antiphospholipid antibody syndromes (lupus anticoagulant, anti-β2GPI antibody, anticardiolipin antibody) |
| Acquired decreases in coagulation regulatory proteins (nephrotic syndrome, protein-losing enteropathy) |
| Indwelling catheters (eg, cystic fibrosis, long-term parenteral nutrition, hemophilia, sickle cell anemia) |
| Leukemia, cancer, and chemotherapy (eg, L. asparaginase) |
| Inflammatory diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis) |
| Prosthetic cardiac valves |
| Diabetes mellitus |
| Sickle cell anemia |
Time-limited risk factors |
| Indwelling catheters |
| Infection |
| Postinfectious transient antiphospholipid antibodies |
| Surgery |
| Surgically correctable congenital heart disease |
| Ongoing risk factors |
| Thrombophilia |
| Genetic thrombophilia |
| Factor V Leiden, prothrombin 20210 mutation |
| Deficient/dysfunctional antithrombin, protein C, protein S |
| Elevations in lipoprotein (a), homocysteine |
| Other less common genetic disorders of coagulation regulation or fibrinolysis |
| Acquired thrombophilia (genetic contributions are variable) |
| Markers of inflammation (elevations in factor VIII, D-dimer, C-reactive protein) |
| Primary antiphospholipid antibody syndromes (lupus anticoagulant, anti-β2GPI antibody, anticardiolipin antibody) |
| Acquired decreases in coagulation regulatory proteins (nephrotic syndrome, protein-losing enteropathy) |
| Indwelling catheters (eg, cystic fibrosis, long-term parenteral nutrition, hemophilia, sickle cell anemia) |
| Leukemia, cancer, and chemotherapy (eg, L. asparaginase) |
| Inflammatory diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis) |
| Prosthetic cardiac valves |
| Diabetes mellitus |
| Sickle cell anemia |